题目
7.
One end of a light inextensible string is attached to a particle of mass . The other end is attached to a particle of mass . The string passes over a small smooth fixed pulley. The string is taut and both straight parts of the string are vertical. Both particles are held at a distance above a horizontal surface, as shown in Figure 4.
The system is released from rest and moves downwards.
(a) Find the tension in the string in terms of and .
(b) Find the speed of at the instant it strikes the surface.
In the subsequent motion, does not reach the pulley and does not rebound after it strikes the surface.
(c) Find the time from the instant when the system is released from rest to the instant when first reaches a height of above the surface.
题目中文翻译
一根不可伸长的轻绳的一端连接于质量为 的质点 ,另一端连接于质量为 的质点 。 绳跨过一个固定的小光滑滑轮。 绳绷紧,两段直绳均竖直。 如图 4 所示,两质点均被保持在距水平面 高处。
系统由静止释放, 向下运动。
(a) 用 和 表示绳中的张力。
(b) 求 撞击水平面瞬间的速率。
在随后的运动中, 未到达滑轮, 撞击水平面后不反弹。
(c) 求从系统由静止释放的瞬间,到 首次到达距水平面 高处的瞬间所用的时间。
解答
(a)
解法一
思路
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绳绷紧时两物体的加速度大小相同,光滑滑轮使两侧张力相等。列两个运动方程相加求加速度,再求张力。
答题过程
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Let the tension be and the common acceleration magnitude be . For , taking upwards as positive,
For , taking downwards as positive,
Adding gives
Substituting into the equation for ,
(b)
解法一
思路
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落地前加速度仍是 ,从静止下降 0.5 m。末速按包含 的数值给出。
答题过程
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Using for before it strikes the surface,
Therefore its speed is (3 s.f.).
(c)
解法一
思路
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第一阶段 从 0.5 m 升至 1 m; 落地后绳松弛, 以初速 1.4 在重力下继续上升,只需再升 0.06 m。解第二阶段二次式时选较小根,最后加上第一阶段时间。
答题过程
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Let be the time until reaches the surface. Starting from rest,
At this instant is 1.00 m above the surface and moving upwards at .
As does not rebound, the string becomes slack while continues to rise freely under gravity. Let be the further time to height 1.06 m. The additional displacement is m, so
Thus
The smaller root corresponds to the first, upward crossing:
The larger root is the later downward crossing and is rejected. The total time is