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M1 2025 Jan Q7

A Level / Edexcel / M1

IAL 2025 Jan Paper · Question 7

题目

Problem

7.

One end of a light inextensible string is attached to a particle AA of mass 2m2m. The other end is attached to a particle BB of mass 3m3m. The string passes over a small smooth fixed pulley. The string is taut and both straight parts of the string are vertical. Both particles are held at a distance 0.5 m0.5\,\mathrm{m} above a horizontal surface, as shown in Figure 4.

The system is released from rest and BB moves downwards.

(a) Find the tension in the string in terms of mm and gg.

(5)

(b) Find the speed of BB at the instant it strikes the surface.

(4)

In the subsequent motion, AA does not reach the pulley and BB does not rebound after it strikes the surface.

(c) Find the time from the instant when the system is released from rest to the instant when AA first reaches a height of 1.06 m1.06\,\mathrm{m} above the surface.

(6)
题目中文翻译

一根不可伸长的轻绳的一端连接于质量为 2m2m 的质点 AA,另一端连接于质量为 3m3m 的质点 BB。 绳跨过一个固定的小光滑滑轮。 绳绷紧,两段直绳均竖直。 如图 4 所示,两质点均被保持在距水平面 0.5 m0.5\,\mathrm{m} 高处。

系统由静止释放,BB 向下运动。

(a) 用 mm 和 gg 表示绳中的张力。

(5)

(b) 求 BB 撞击水平面瞬间的速率。

(4)

在随后的运动中,AA 未到达滑轮,BB 撞击水平面后不反弹。

(c) 求从系统由静止释放的瞬间,到 AA 首次到达距水平面 1.06 m1.06\,\mathrm{m} 高处的瞬间所用的时间。

(6)

解答

(a)

解法一

思路

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绳绷紧时两物体的加速度大小相同,光滑滑轮使两侧张力相等。列两个运动方程相加求加速度,再求张力。

答题过程

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Let the tension be TT and the common acceleration magnitude be aa. For AA, taking upwards as positive,

T−2mg=2ma.T-2mg=2ma.

For BB, taking downwards as positive,

3mg−T=3ma.3mg-T=3ma.

Adding gives

mg=5ma,a=g5.mg=5ma,\qquad a=\frac g5.

Substituting into the equation for AA,

T=2mg+2mg5=12mg5.T=2mg+2m\frac g5=\boxed{\frac{12mg}{5}}.

(b)

解法一

思路

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BB 落地前加速度仍是 g/5g/5,从静止下降 0.5 m。末速按包含 g=9.8g=9.8 的数值给出。

答题过程

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Using v2=u2+2asv^2=u^2+2as for BB before it strikes the surface,

v2=02+2(g5)(0.5)=g5=1.96.v^2=0^2+2\left(\frac g5\right)(0.5)=\frac g5=1.96.

Therefore its speed is 1.40 m s−1\boxed{1.40\ \mathrm{m\,s^{-1}}} (3 s.f.).

(c)

解法一

思路

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第一阶段 AA 从 0.5 m 升至 1 m;BB 落地后绳松弛,AA 以初速 1.4 在重力下继续上升,只需再升 0.06 m。解第二阶段二次式时选较小根,最后加上第一阶段时间。

答题过程

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Let t1t_1 be the time until BB reaches the surface. Starting from rest,

0.5=12(g5)t12,t1=59.8=57 s.0.5=\frac12\left(\frac g5\right)t_1^2, \qquad t_1=\sqrt{\frac5{9.8}}=\frac57\ \mathrm s.

At this instant AA is 1.00 m above the surface and moving upwards at 1.4 m s−11.4\ \mathrm{m\,s^{-1}}.

As BB does not rebound, the string becomes slack while AA continues to rise freely under gravity. Let τ\tau be the further time to height 1.06 m. The additional displacement is 0.060.06 m, so

0.06=1.4τ−4.9τ2.0.06=1.4\tau-4.9\tau^2.

Thus

4.9τ2−1.4τ+0.06= 0,τ= 1.4±1.42−4(4.9)(0.06)9.8,= 5±1035.\begin{align*} 4.9\tau^2-1.4\tau+0.06=&\,0,\\ \tau=&\,\frac{1.4\pm\sqrt{1.4^2-4(4.9)(0.06)}}{9.8},\\ =&\,\frac{5\pm\sqrt{10}}{35}. \end{align*}

The smaller root corresponds to the first, upward crossing:

τ=5−1035=0.0525069… s.\tau=\frac{5-\sqrt{10}}{35}=0.0525069\ldots\ \mathrm s.

The larger root is the later downward crossing and is rejected. The total time is

t1+τ=57+5−1035=0.767 s(3 s.f.).t_1+\tau=\frac57+\frac{5-\sqrt{10}}{35} =\boxed{0.767\ \mathrm s}\quad\text{(3 s.f.)}.