题目
3.
A particle is projected vertically upwards with speed from a point . The point is vertically above the point . Point is on horizontal ground. The particle moves freely under gravity until it hits the ground at . The time taken for the particle to travel from to is seconds.
(a) Find the value of .
(b) Find the speed of the particle as it hits the ground at .
(c) Sketch a speed-time graph for the motion of the particle from the instant it leaves to the instant it reaches . (No further calculations are required.)
题目中文翻译
一个质点从 点以速率 竖直向上抛出。 点在 点正上方 处。 点位于水平地面上。 质点仅在重力作用下运动,直到在 点撞击地面。 质点从 运动至 所用的时间为 秒。
(a) 求 的值。
(b) 求质点在 点撞击地面时的速率。
(c) 画出质点从离开 的瞬间到到达 的瞬间的速率—时间图像草图。(无需进一步计算。)
解答
(a)
解法一
思路
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取向上为正,从 到 的位移为 。用 4 秒的总位移求初速,最终给数值。
答题过程
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Taking upwards as positive, , and . Using ,
(b)
解法一
思路
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末速度为初速度减 ,它为负表示向下;题目要速率,给其大小。
答题过程
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Using with upwards positive,
Hence the impact speed is .
(c)
解法一
思路
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速率图在最高点降至零后回升,形成 V 形;两条直线斜率绝对值相同,末段较长且终点高于起点。
答题过程
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Draw a speed-time graph with two straight segments forming a V. It starts at speed at , falls to a vertex on the time axis, then rises to speed at s.
The two segments have equal gradient magnitudes. The rising segment is longer, and its endpoint is higher than the starting point. Label 16.6, 22.6 and 4 clearly. End at arrival at , without a vertical drop.