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M1 2025 June Q6

A Level / Edexcel / M1

IAL 2025 June Paper · Question 6

题目

Problem

6.

Figure 4 shows a rough plane inclined at an angle θ\theta to the horizontal, where tan⁡θ=34\tan\theta=\frac34

The points AA and BB lie on a line of greatest slope of the plane, with BB above AA.

A package PP of mass mm is projected up the plane from AA towards BB.

The coefficient of friction between the plane and the package is 14\frac14

The package PP is modelled as a particle.

(a) Show that the deceleration of PP, as it moves from AA to BB, is 45g\frac45g

(6)

The package PP comes to rest at BB.

Given that PP is projected from AA with speed U m s−1U\,\mathrm{m\,s^{-1}} and that AB=1.5 mAB=1.5\,\mathrm{m},

(b) find the value of UU.

(2)

On reaching BB, PP is held at rest there by a force of magnitude XX newtons acting up the plane in the direction ABAB.

Given that the mass of PP is 2 kg2\,\mathrm{kg},

(c) find the smallest possible value of XX.

(3)
题目中文翻译

图 4 所示的粗糙斜面与水平面成 θ\theta 角,其中 tan⁡θ=34\tan\theta=\frac34。

AA 和 BB 两点位于斜面的一条最大坡度线上,BB 在 AA 上方。

将质量为 mm 的包裹 PP 从 AA 向 BB 沿斜面向上投射。

斜面与包裹之间的摩擦系数为 14\frac14。

将包裹 PP 视为质点。

(a) 证明 PP 从 AA 运动至 BB 时的减速度为 45g\frac45g。

(6)

包裹 PP 在 BB 静止。

已知 PP 从 AA 投射时的速率为 U m s−1U\,\mathrm{m\,s^{-1}},且 AB=1.5 mAB=1.5\,\mathrm{m},

(b) 求 UU 的值。

(2)

到达 BB 后,一个大小为 XX 牛顿、沿 ABAB 方向顺斜面向上的力使 PP 保持静止在该处。

已知 PP 的质量为 2 kg2\,\mathrm{kg},

(c) 求 XX 的最小可能值。

(3)

解答

(a)

解法一

思路

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上滑时摩擦和重力沿斜面的分量都向下。先求支持力及摩擦,最后说明向上的加速度为负,而减速度大小为正。

答题过程

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From tan⁡θ=3/4\tan\theta=3/4,

sin⁡θ=35,cos⁡θ=45.\sin\theta=\frac35,\qquad \cos\theta=\frac45.

Resolving perpendicular to the plane,

R=mgcos⁡θ=45mg.R=mg\cos\theta=\frac45mg.

While PP moves up the plane, friction acts down the plane with magnitude

F=14R=15mg.F=\frac14R=\frac15mg.

Taking up the plane as positive, its acceleration aa satisfies

−F−mgsin⁡θ= ma,−15mg−35mg= ma,a= −45g.\begin{align*} -F-mg\sin\theta=&\,ma,\\ -\frac15mg-\frac35mg=&\,ma,\\ a=&\,-\frac45g. \end{align*}

Thus the deceleration is 45g\boxed{\dfrac45g}, as required.

(b)

解法一

思路

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从初速 UU 上滑 1.5 m 后瞬时静止,沿上坡方向的加速度为 −4g/5-4g/5。

答题过程

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Using v2=u2+2asv^2=u^2+2as,

0=U2+2(−45g)(1.5).0=U^2+2\left(-\frac45g\right)(1.5).

Therefore

U=12g5=4.85(3 s.f.).U=\sqrt{\frac{12g}{5}}=\boxed{4.85}\quad\text{(3 s.f.)}.

(c)

解法一

思路

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保持静止的最小上拉力对应即将下滑,摩擦力此时向上,与刚才上滑时方向相反。沿斜面方向的外力不改变支持力。

答题过程

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For the smallest XX, the package is on the point of slipping down the plane, so limiting friction acts up the plane.

With mass 2 kg,

R=2gcos⁡θ=85g,Fmax⁡=14R=25g.R=2g\cos\theta=\frac85g,\qquad F_{\max}=\frac14R=\frac25g.

Resolving along the plane in equilibrium,

X+Fmax⁡=2gsin⁡θ.X+F_{\max}=2g\sin\theta.

Hence

X=65g−25g=45g=7.84.X=\frac65g-\frac25g=\frac45g=\boxed{7.84}.