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M1 2025 June Q8

A Level / Edexcel / M1

IAL 2025 June Paper · Question 8

题目

Problem

8.

Two small balls, PP and QQ, have masses kMkM and 3M3M respectively, where k<3k<3

The balls are attached to the ends of a light inextensible string that passes over a fixed light smooth pulley.

The system is held at rest with the string taut and the hanging parts of the string vertical, as shown in Figure 5.

The system is released from rest and, in the subsequent motion, PP moves with an acceleration of magnitude 15g\frac15g

The balls are modelled as particles.

(a) Write down an equation of motion for PP.

(2)

(b) Find the value of kk.

(3)

Given that M=0.5 kgM=0.5\,\mathrm{kg},

(c) find the magnitude of the force exerted on the pulley by the string while QQ is moving downwards.

(3)

At the instant when the system is released, PP is more than 2.5 m2.5\,\mathrm{m} from the pulley and QQ is 2.5 m2.5\,\mathrm{m} above horizontal ground. After hitting the ground, QQ rebounds with a speed of 0.4 m s−10.4\,\mathrm{m\,s^{-1}}

(d) Find the magnitude of the impulse received by QQ when it hits the ground.

(5)

In the subsequent motion, PP does not hit the pulley.

(e) Find the total time from when the balls are released until PP first comes to rest.

(4)
题目中文翻译

两小球 PP 和 QQ 的质量分别为 kMkM 和 3M3M,其中 k<3k<3。

两球连接于一根不可伸长的轻绳的两端,绳跨过一个固定的轻质光滑滑轮。

如图 5 所示,系统被保持静止,绳绷紧,悬挂的绳段均竖直。

系统由静止释放,在随后的运动中,PP 的加速度大小为 15g\frac15g。

将两球视为质点。

(a) 写出 PP 的运动方程。

(2)

(b) 求 kk 的值。

(3)

已知 M=0.5 kgM=0.5\,\mathrm{kg},

(c) 求 QQ 向下运动时绳对滑轮施加的力的大小。

(3)

系统释放的瞬间,PP 距滑轮超过 2.5 m2.5\,\mathrm{m},QQ 位于水平地面上方 2.5 m2.5\,\mathrm{m} 处。 QQ 撞击地面后,以速率 0.4 m s−10.4\,\mathrm{m\,s^{-1}} 反弹。

(d) 求 QQ 撞击地面时所受冲量的大小。

(5)

在随后的运动中,PP 未碰到滑轮。

(e) 求从两球释放到 PP 首次静止的总时间。

(4)

解答

(a)

解法一

思路

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k<3k<3 所以 PP 较轻,向上加速。对质量为 kMkM 的 PP 列向上的运动方程,并代入给定加速度 g/5g/5。

答题过程

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Since k<3k<3, PP accelerates upwards. Let the common string tension be TT. For PP, taking upwards as positive,

T−kMg=kMg5.\boxed{T-kMg=kM\frac g5}.

(b)

解法一

思路

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对向下加速的 QQ 列方程,与 PP 的方程相加消去张力。

答题过程

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For QQ, taking downwards as positive,

3Mg−T=3Mg5.3Mg-T=3M\frac g5.

Adding the two equations of motion,

3Mg−kMg= (3M+kM)g5,5(3−k)= 3+k,12= 6k,k= 2.\begin{align*} 3Mg-kMg=&\,(3M+kM)\frac g5,\\ 5(3-k)=&\,3+k,\\ 12=&\,6k,\\ k=&\,\boxed{2}. \end{align*}

(c)

解法一

思路

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用 M=0.5M=0.5 和 k=2k=2 求张力。两段绳对滑轮的拉力都向下,所以总力为两倍张力。

答题过程

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The mass of PP is kM=1kM=1 kg. Its equation of motion is

T−g=g5,T=65g.T-g=\frac g5,\qquad T=\frac65g.

Both vertical string sections pull downwards on the pulley, so the force magnitude is

F=2T=12g5=23.52 N=23.5 N(3 s.f.).F=2T=\frac{12g}{5}=23.52\ \mathrm N =\boxed{23.5\ \mathrm N}\quad\text{(3 s.f.)}.

(d)

解法一

思路

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落地前 QQ 从静止以加速度 g/5g/5 下落 2.5 m,先求速度。碰后向上 0.4,冲量的速度变化须计及反向,质量为 3M=1.53M=1.5 kg。

答题过程

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Let vv be the speed of QQ immediately before impact. While the string is taut,

v2=02+2(g5)(2.5)=g,v=g.v^2=0^2+2\left(\frac g5\right)(2.5)=g, \qquad v=\sqrt g.

Take upwards as positive. The velocity changes from −g-\sqrt g to +0.4 m s−1+0.4\ \mathrm{m\,s^{-1}}. With 3M=1.53M=1.5 kg, the impulse is

I=1.5(0.4−(−g))=1.5(0.4+9.8).I=1.5\bigl(0.4-(-\sqrt g)\bigr) =1.5(0.4+\sqrt{9.8}).

Its magnitude is 5.30 N s\boxed{5.30\ \mathrm{N\,s}} (3 s.f.).

(e)

解法一

思路

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第一阶段直到 QQ 落地,PP 也以速率 g\sqrt g 上升;随后两段绳的总直线长度减小,绳松弛,PP 只受重力继续上升到零速度。分别求两阶段时间再相加。

答题过程

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Let t1t_1 be the time until QQ first strikes the ground. Using its speed g\sqrt g and acceleration g/5g/5,

g=g5t1,t1=5g.\sqrt g=\frac g5t_1,\qquad t_1=\frac5{\sqrt g}.

At impact, PP continues upwards at speed g\sqrt g. As QQ rebounds upwards, the string becomes slack, so PP then moves freely under gravity. It does not hit the pulley.

Let t2t_2 be the further time until PP first comes to rest:

0=g−gt2,t2=1g.0=\sqrt g-gt_2,\qquad t_2=\frac1{\sqrt g}.

Thus the total time is

t1+t2=69.8=1.92 s(3 s.f.).t_1+t_2=\frac6{\sqrt{9.8}} =\boxed{1.92\ \mathrm s}\quad\text{(3 s.f.)}.