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M1 2025 Oct A Q1

A Level / Edexcel / M1

IAL 2025 Oct A Paper · Question 1

题目

Problem

1.

Two particles PP and QQ are moving in opposite directions along the same horizontal straight line. Particle PP is moving due east and particle QQ is moving due west. Particle PP has mass 2m2m and particle QQ has mass 3m3m. The particles collide directly. Immediately before the collision, the speed of PP is 4u4u and the speed of QQ is uu.

The magnitude of the impulse in the collision is 335mu\frac{33}{5}mu.

(a) Find the speed and direction of motion of PP immediately after the collision.

(3)

(b) Find the speed and direction of motion of QQ immediately after the collision.

(3)
题目中文翻译

两质点 PP 和 QQ 沿同一条水平直线相向运动。 质点 PP 向正东运动,质点 QQ 向正西运动。 质点 PP 的质量为 2m2m,质点 QQ 的质量为 3m3m。 两质点发生正碰。 碰撞前一瞬间,PP 的速率为 4u4u,QQ 的速率为 uu。

碰撞过程中冲量的大小为 335mu\frac{33}{5}mu。

(a) 求碰撞后瞬间 PP 的速率和运动方向。

(3)

(b) 求碰撞后瞬间 QQ 的速率和运动方向。

(3)

解答

(a)

解法一

思路

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取向东为正方向。碰撞对 PP 的冲量向西,冲量的负号要保留到动量方程中。最后明确写出地理方向。

答题过程

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Take east as positive. The impulse on PP acts westwards, so

2m(vP−4u)= −335mu,vP−4u= −3310u,vP= 710u.\begin{align*} 2m(v_P-4u)=&\,-\frac{33}{5}mu,\\ v_P-4u=&\,-\frac{33}{10}u,\\ v_P=&\,\frac7{10}u. \end{align*}

Thus PP has speed 0.7u\boxed{0.7u} and moves due east\boxed{\text{due east}}.

(b)

解法一

思路

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QQ 受到大小相同、方向相反的冲量。它的初速度为负,求出正的末速度表示碰撞后已反向。

答题过程

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The impulse on QQ is 335mu\frac{33}{5}mu eastwards. Hence

3m(vQ−(−u))= 335mu,vQ+u= 115u,vQ= 65u.\begin{align*} 3m\bigl(v_Q-(-u)\bigr)=&\,\frac{33}{5}mu,\\ v_Q+u=&\,\frac{11}{5}u,\\ v_Q=&\,\frac65u. \end{align*}

Therefore QQ has speed 1.2u\boxed{1.2u} and moves due east\boxed{\text{due east}}.

解法二

思路

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也可用整个碰撞系统的动量守恒,结合上一问的 PP 末速度求 QQ 的末速度。

答题过程

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Taking east as positive and conserving momentum,

2m(4u)+3m(−u)= 2m(0.7u)+3mvQ,5mu= 1.4mu+3mvQ,vQ= 1.2u.\begin{align*} 2m(4u)+3m(-u)=&\,2m(0.7u)+3mv_Q,\\ 5mu=&\,1.4mu+3mv_Q,\\ v_Q=&\,1.2u. \end{align*}

Thus the speed is 1.2u\boxed{1.2u}, due east\boxed{\text{due east}}.