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M1 2025 Oct A Q4

A Level / Edexcel / M1

IAL 2025 Oct A Paper · Question 4

题目

Problem

4.

A block AA of mass 9 kg9\,\mathrm{kg} is released from rest from a point PP which is a height hh metres above horizontal soft ground.

The block falls and strikes another block BB of mass 1.5 kg1.5\,\mathrm{kg} which is on the ground vertically below PP.

The speed of AA immediately before it strikes BB is 7 m s−17\,\mathrm{m\,s^{-1}}.

The blocks are modelled as particles.

(a) Find the value of hh.

(2)

Immediately after the impact the blocks move downwards together with the same speed and both come to rest after sinking a vertical distance of 12 cm12\,\mathrm{cm} into the ground.

Assuming that the resistance offered by the ground has constant magnitude RR newtons,

(b) find the value of RR.

(7)
题目中文翻译

质量为 9 kg9\,\mathrm{kg} 的物块 AA 从 PP 点由静止释放,PP 距水平松软地面的高度为 hh 米。

物块下落,撞击位于 PP 正下方地面上、质量为 1.5 kg1.5\,\mathrm{kg} 的另一物块 BB。

AA 撞击 BB 前一瞬间的速率为 7 m s−17\,\mathrm{m\,s^{-1}}。

将两物块视为质点。

(a) 求 hh 的值。

(2)

撞击后瞬间,两物块以相同速率一起向下运动,竖直沉入地面 12 cm12\,\mathrm{cm} 后均静止。

假设地面提供的阻力大小恒为 RR 牛顿,

(b) 求 RR 的值。

(7)

解答

(a)

解法一

思路

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物块从静止自由下落,碰前速度为 7 m s−17\text{ m s}^{-1}。取向下为正,用速度平方公式求下落高度。

答题过程

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Taking downwards as positive, use v2=u2+2asv^2=u^2+2as:

72=02+2(9.8)h.7^2=0^2+2(9.8)h.

Therefore

h=2.50(3 s.f.).\boxed{h=2.50}\quad(3\text{ s.f.}).

(b)

解法一

思路

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先用碰撞瞬间的动量守恒求共同速度;沉入地面阶段的初速度是这个共同速度,而非 77。将 12 cm12\text{ cm} 换为 0.12 m0.12\text{ m},求减速度后列合力方程,重力仍然存在。

答题过程

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Take downwards as positive. Conserving momentum during the impact, with BB initially at rest,

9(7)+1.5(0)= (9+1.5)v,v= 6 m s−1.\begin{align*} 9(7)+1.5(0)=&\,(9+1.5)v,\\ v=&\,6\text{ m s}^{-1}. \end{align*}

The blocks then sink 0.12 m0.12\text{ m} before stopping. Using v2=u2+2asv^2=u^2+2as for this stage,

0= 62+2a(0.12),a= −150 m s−2.\begin{align*} 0=&\,6^2+2a(0.12),\\ a=&\,-150\text{ m s}^{-2}. \end{align*}

For the combined mass 10.5 kg10.5\text{ kg}, the ground resistance acts upwards. Newton’s second law gives

10.5g−R= 10.5(−150),R= 10.5(9.8+150)= 1677.9 N.\begin{align*} 10.5g-R=&\,10.5(-150),\\ R=&\,10.5(9.8+150)\\ =&\,1677.9\text{ N}. \end{align*}

Thus

R=1.68×103 N(3 s.f.).\boxed{R=1.68\times10^3\text{ N}}\quad(3\text{ s.f.}).

解法二

思路

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另一方法是在碰撞后应用功能关系:初动能和继续下降所释放的重力势能,都用于克服地面阻力。不能跨越非弹性碰撞假设机械能守恒。

答题过程

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Conservation of momentum during the impact gives the common speed

v=9(7)9+1.5=6 m s−1.v=\frac{9(7)}{9+1.5}=6\text{ m s}^{-1}.

During the subsequent 0.12 m0.12\text{ m} descent, the resistance does work 0.12R0.12R. By the work–energy principle,

12(10.5)(62)+(10.5)(9.8)(0.12)=0.12R.\frac12(10.5)(6^2)+(10.5)(9.8)(0.12)=0.12R.

Hence

R=189+12.3480.12=1677.9 N,R=\frac{189+12.348}{0.12}=1677.9\text{ N},

so

R=1.68×103 N(3 s.f.).\boxed{R=1.68\times10^3\text{ N}}\quad(3\text{ s.f.}).