题目
1.
Figure 1 shows a sketch of a beam , with weight and length .
The beam is held in equilibrium in a horizontal position by two vertical ropes. The ropes are attached to the beam at the points and , where and metres.
The beam is modelled as a uniform rod and the ropes are modelled as light inextensible strings.
The tension in the rope at is .
(a) Show that
The rope at will break if its tension exceeds . The rope at cannot break. A package of weight newtons is now attached to the beam at . The beam remains horizontal and in equilibrium.
The package is modelled as a particle.
It is given that the rope at does not break.
(b) Find the greatest possible value of .
题目中文翻译
图 1 是重量为 、长为 的梁 的示意图。
梁由两根竖直绳保持在水平平衡位置。 两根绳分别连接于梁上的 、 两点,其中 , 米。
将梁视为均匀杆,将两根绳视为不可伸长的轻绳。
点处绳中的张力为 。
(a) 证明 。
若 点处绳中的张力超过 ,该绳便会断裂。 点处的绳不会断裂。 现将一个重 牛顿的包裹连接于梁上的 点。 梁仍保持水平平衡。
将包裹视为质点。
已知 点处的绳未断裂。
(b) 求 的最大可能值。
解答
(a)
解法一
思路
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先确定各力到 的距离,再对 取力矩。均匀梁的重力作用于中点。
答题过程
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Let the tensions at and be and . The weight acts at the midpoint, from . Thus
Taking moments about ,
(b)
解法一
思路
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增加包裹重量后,两条绳的张力会改变,不能继续使用原来的 。对 取矩,可直接得到 处张力与包裹重量的关系。
答题过程
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Let the package have weight . From part (a),
Taking moments about gives
so
The string at must satisfy . Therefore
Hence the greatest possible weight is
At this value, vertical equilibrium gives , so both strings remain taut.