题目
2.
Particle of mass and particle of mass are moving in opposite directions along the same straight line on a smooth horizontal surface. The particles collide directly.
Immediately before the collision, the speed of is and the speed of is , as shown in Figure 2.
Immediately after the collision, the speed of is and the speed of is .
The direction of motion of is reversed by the collision.
The impulse received by in the collision has magnitude .
(a) Find in terms of .
(b) Find the two possible values of .
题目中文翻译
质量为 的质点 和质量为 的质点 在光滑水平面上沿同一直线相向运动,并发生正碰。
如图 2 所示,碰撞前一瞬间, 的速率为 , 的速率为 。
碰撞后瞬间, 的速率为 , 的速率为 。
碰撞使 的运动方向反转。
碰撞过程中 所受冲量的大小为 。
(a) 用 表示 。
(b) 求 的两个可能值。
解答
(a)
解法一
思路
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以 碰撞前的运动方向为正方向。 反向运动,因此它的速度由 变成 ;冲量等于有符号的动量变化。
答题过程
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Take the initial direction of motion of as positive. For ,
Therefore
(b)
解法一
思路
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题目给出的是 的速率,并未指定碰撞后的方向,因此分别考虑速度为 与 的情况。两球所受碰撞冲量大小相等、方向相反。
答题过程
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The impulse on is . If its velocity after the collision is , then
Since the speed of after the collision is , there are two cases.
If continues in its original direction,
If reverses direction,
Both cases allow the particles to separate, since has velocity and has velocity or . Thus