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M1 2025 Oct Q7

A Level / Edexcel / M1

IAL 2025 Oct Paper · Question 7

题目

Problem

7.

A block PP of mass 2m2m is held at rest on a fixed rough plane.

The plane is inclined to the horizontal at an angle α\alpha, where tan⁡α=512\tan\alpha=\frac5{12}

One end of a light inextensible string is attached to PP. The string is parallel to a line of greatest slope of the plane and passes over a smooth light pulley which is fixed at the top of the plane. The other end of the string is attached to a block QQ of mass 5m5m. Block QQ hangs vertically below the pulley, as shown in Figure 5.

The system is released from rest with the string taut and block PP moves up the plane.

Immediately after the system is released, the tension in the string is TT and the acceleration of the blocks is aa.

The blocks are modelled as particles and air resistance is ignored.

(a) Write down an equation of motion for QQ.

(2)

The coefficient of friction between PP and the plane is 18\frac18

(b) Find TT in terms of mm and gg.

(7)

(c) State how the solution to part (b) uses the fact that the string is inextensible.

(1)

The magnitude of the force exerted on the pulley by the string is kmgkmg.

(d) Find the value of kk to 3 significant figures.

(4)
题目中文翻译

质量为 2m2m 的物块 PP 被保持静止在固定的粗糙斜面上。

斜面与水平面成 α\alpha 角,其中 tan⁡α=512\tan\alpha=\frac5{12}。

一根不可伸长的轻绳的一端连接于 PP。 绳平行于斜面的一条最大坡度线,并跨过一个固定在斜面顶端的光滑轻质滑轮。 绳的另一端连接于质量为 5m5m 的物块 QQ。 如图 5 所示,物块 QQ 竖直悬挂在滑轮下方。

系统由静止释放,绳绷紧,物块 PP 沿斜面向上运动。

系统释放后瞬间,绳中的张力为 TT,两物块的加速度为 aa。

将两物块视为质点,并忽略空气阻力。

(a) 写出 QQ 的运动方程。

(2)

PP 与斜面之间的摩擦系数为 18\frac18。

(b) 用 mm 和 gg 表示 TT。

(7)

(c) 说明 (b) 的解答如何运用绳不可伸长这一条件。

(1)

绳对滑轮施加的力的大小为 kmgkmg。

(d) 求 kk 的值,保留 3 位有效数字。

(4)

解答

(a)

解法一

思路

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QQ 向下加速,取向下为正方向,重力与张力反向。

答题过程

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Taking downwards as positive for QQ, Newton’s second law gives

5mg−T=5ma.\boxed{5mg-T=5ma}.

(b)

解法一

思路

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由 55—1212—1313 直角三角形求斜面的三角比。PP 向上运动,摩擦力沿斜面向下;联立两个物体的运动方程。

答题过程

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Since tan⁡α=5/12\tan\alpha=5/12,

sin⁡α=513,cos⁡α=1213.\sin\alpha=\frac5{13},\qquad\cos\alpha=\frac{12}{13}.

For PP, resolving perpendicular to the plane gives

R=2mgcos⁡α=24mg13.R=2mg\cos\alpha=\frac{24mg}{13}.

Thus the friction is

F=18R=3mg13,F=\frac18R=\frac{3mg}{13},

acting down the plane. Resolving up the plane for PP,

T−2mgsin⁡α−F= 2ma,T−10mg13−3mg13= 2ma,T−mg= 2ma.\begin{align*} T-2mg\sin\alpha-F=&\,2ma,\\ T-\frac{10mg}{13}-\frac{3mg}{13}=&\,2ma,\\ T-mg=&\,2ma. \end{align*}

Adding this to 5mg−T=5ma5mg-T=5ma yields

4mg=7ma,a=4g7.4mg=7ma,\qquad a=\frac{4g}{7}.

Substituting into the equation for PP,

T=mg+2m(4g7)=15mg7.T=mg+2m\left(\frac{4g}{7}\right) =\boxed{\frac{15mg}{7}}.

(c)

解法一

思路

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不可伸长约束的是两端沿绳方向的运动。张力相等所依赖的是轻绳和光滑滑轮,应区分这些模型假设。

答题过程

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The string is inextensible, so the two blocks have equal acceleration magnitudes while the string remains taut. This allows the same aa to be used in both equations of motion.

(d)

解法一

思路

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滑轮受到两段绳各自的拉力。将斜段拉力分解为水平向左和竖直向下的分量,再与竖直段拉力合成。

答题过程

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Each section of string pulls on the pulley with tension T=15mg/7T=15mg/7. The horizontal and downward components of their resultant are

FH=Tcos⁡α=12T13,F_H=T\cos\alpha=\frac{12T}{13}, FV=T+Tsin⁡α=18T13.F_V=T+T\sin\alpha=\frac{18T}{13}.

Hence the magnitude of the force is

F= (12T13)2+(18T13)2= 61313T= 901391mg.\begin{align*} F=&\,\sqrt{\left(\frac{12T}{13}\right)^2+\left(\frac{18T}{13}\right)^2}\\ =&\,\frac{6\sqrt{13}}{13}T\\ =&\,\frac{90\sqrt{13}}{91}mg. \end{align*}

Since F=kmgF=kmg,

k=901391=3.57(3 s.f.).\boxed{k=\frac{90\sqrt{13}}{91}=3.57}\quad(3\text{ s.f.}).

解法二

思路

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两拉力大小相等,合力沿夹角平分线。确定两段绳对滑轮的拉力夹角后,用每个力在角平分线上的分量求和。

答题过程

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The angle between the two tension forces is 90∘−α90^\circ-\alpha. Their resultant lies along the angle bisector, so

F=2Tcos⁡(90∘−α2).F=2T\cos\left(\frac{90^\circ-\alpha}{2}\right).

Using the half-angle identity,

cos⁡(90∘−α2)= 1+cos⁡(90∘−α)2= 1+5/132= 313.\begin{align*} \cos\left(\frac{90^\circ-\alpha}{2}\right) =&\,\sqrt{\frac{1+\cos(90^\circ-\alpha)}{2}}\\ =&\,\sqrt{\frac{1+5/13}{2}}\\ =&\,\frac3{\sqrt{13}}. \end{align*}

Therefore

F=6T13=90mg713,F=\frac{6T}{\sqrt{13}}=\frac{90mg}{7\sqrt{13}},

and

k=90713=3.57(3 s.f.).\boxed{k=\frac{90}{7\sqrt{13}}=3.57}\quad(3\text{ s.f.}).