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M1 2026 Jan A Q1

A Level / Edexcel / M1

IAL 2026 Jan A Paper · Question 1

题目

Problem

1.

Two particles, PP and QQ, have masses 2m2m and 3m3m respectively. They are moving towards each other, in opposite directions, along the same straight line, on a smooth horizontal plane. The particles collide.

Immediately before they collide the speed of PP is 2u2u and the speed of QQ is uu.

In the collision the magnitude of the impulse exerted on PP by QQ is 5mu5mu.

(a) Find the speed of PP immediately after the collision.

(3)

(b) State whether the direction of motion of PP has been reversed by the collision.

(1)

(c) Find the speed of QQ immediately after the collision.

(3)
题目中文翻译

两质点 PP 和 QQ 的质量分别为 2m2m 和 3m3m。它们在光滑水平面上沿同一直线相向运动,并发生碰撞。

碰撞前一瞬间,PP 的速率为 2u2u,QQ 的速率为 uu。

碰撞过程中 QQ 对 PP 施加的冲量大小为 5mu5mu。

(a) 求碰撞后瞬间 PP 的速率。

(3)

(b) 说明碰撞是否使 PP 的运动方向反转。

(1)

(c) 求碰撞后瞬间 QQ 的速率。

(3)

解答

(a)

解法一

思路

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取 PP 原运动方向为正方向。碰撞冲量作用于 PP 时向负方向,求出末速度后取绝对值。

答题过程

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Take the original direction of motion of PP as positive. Its impulse is −5mu-5mu, so

2m(vP−2u)= −5mu,vP−2u= −52u,vP= −12u.\begin{align*} 2m(v_P-2u)=&\,-5mu,\\ v_P-2u=&\,-\frac52u,\\ v_P=&\,-\frac12u. \end{align*}

Therefore the speed of PP is 12u\boxed{\frac12u}.

(b)

解法一

思路

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比较碰撞前后有符号速度,而非只比较速率。

答题过程

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The initial velocity of PP is positive, whereas its final velocity is −u/2-u/2. Therefore its direction of motion has been reversed\boxed{\text{has been reversed}}.

(c)

解法一

思路

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QQ 所受冲量与 PP 所受冲量等大反向。它的初速度为 −u-u。

答题过程

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The impulse on QQ is +5mu+5mu. Thus

3m(vQ−(−u))= 5mu,vQ+u= 53u,vQ= 23u.\begin{align*} 3m\bigl(v_Q-(-u)\bigr)=&\,5mu,\\ v_Q+u=&\,\frac53u,\\ v_Q=&\,\frac23u. \end{align*}

Hence the speed of QQ is 23u\boxed{\frac23u}.

解法二

思路

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对整个碰撞系统使用动量守恒,并代入 PP 碰撞后的负速度,也可求出 QQ 的速度。

答题过程

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Conserving momentum in the original direction of motion of PP,

2m(2u)+3m(−u)=2m(−12u)+3mvQ.2m(2u)+3m(-u)=2m\left(-\frac12u\right)+3mv_Q.

Therefore

mu=−mu+3mvQ,vQ=23u.mu=-mu+3mv_Q, \qquad v_Q=\frac23u.

The required speed is 23u\boxed{\frac23u}.