题目
Problem
3.
A ball is thrown vertically upwards with speed 20ms−1 from a point A, which is h metres above the ground.
The ball moves freely under gravity until it hits the ground 5s later.
(a) Find the value of h.
(3)
A second ball is thrown vertically downwards with speed wms−1 from A and moves freely under gravity until it hits the ground.
The first ball hits the ground with speed Vms−1 and the second ball hits the ground with speed 43Vms−1
(b) Find the value of w.
(5)
题目中文翻译
一个球从离地 h 米高的 A 点以速率 20ms−1 竖直向上抛出。
球仅在重力作用下运动,并于 5s 后撞击地面。
(a) 求 h 的值。
(3)
第二个球从 A 以速率 wms−1 竖直向下抛出,仅在重力作用下运动,直到撞击地面。
第一个球撞击地面时的速率为 Vms−1,第二个球撞击地面时的速率为 43Vms−1。
(b) 求 w 的值。
(5)
解答
(a)
解法一
思路
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取向上为正方向,落地时相对于 A 的位移为 −h,不能将高度直接当作向上的位移。
答题过程
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Taking upwards as positive, use s=ut+21at2 over the first ball’s 5-second flight:
−h=20(5)−21(9.8)(52).
Hence
−h=100−122.5=−22.5,
so
h=22.5(3 s.f.).
(b)
解法一
思路
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先求第一个球的落地速率,再用第二个球从 A 到地面的速度平方关系。第二个球向下抛,取向下为正时加速度为 g。
答题过程
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For the first ball, taking upwards as positive,
v=20−9.8(5)=−29 m s−1.
Thus V=29, and the second ball’s impact speed is
43V=487 m s−1.
For the second ball, taking downwards as positive and using v2=u2+2as,
(487)2=w2=w2+2(9.8)(22.5),16513.
Since w is a speed,
w=4513=5.66(3 s.f.).