题目
Problem
4.
[In this question i and j are unit vectors directed due east and due north respectively.]
A particle P is moving with constant velocity (−6i+2j)ms−1
At time t=0, P passes through the point with position vector (21i+5j)m, relative to a fixed origin O.
(a) Find the direction of motion of P, giving your answer as a bearing to the nearest degree.
(3)
(b) Write down the position vector of P at time t seconds.
(1)
(c) Find the time at which P is north-west of O.
(3)
题目中文翻译
[本题中,i 和 j 分别为指向正东和正北的单位向量。]
质点 P 以恒定速度 (−6i+2j)ms−1 运动。
在 t=0 时,P 经过相对于固定原点 O 的位置向量为 (21i+5j)m 的点。
(a) 求 P 的运动方向,以方位角表示,精确到最接近的整数度。
(3)
(b) 写出 t 秒时 P 的位置向量。
(1)
(c) 求 P 位于 O 的西北方向时的时刻。
(3)
解答
(a)
解法一
思路
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速度指向西北象限,先求偏北于正西的角,再加到 270∘ 上。方位角从正北顺时针量起。
答题过程
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The velocity has westward component 6 and northward component 2. Let α be the angle north of west. Then
tanα=62=31,α=18.4349…∘.
The bearing is
270∘+α=288.4349…∘=288∘
to the nearest degree.
(b)
解法一
思路
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匀速运动的位置向量等于初位置加上速度乘时间。
答题过程
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The position vector at time t is
r=(21−6t)i+(5+2t)j m.
(c)
解法一
思路
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正西北要求水平分量为负、竖直分量为正且绝对值相等。先解分量关系,再回代检查象限。
答题过程
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For P to be north-west of O,
21−6t=−(5+2t).
Therefore
26=4t⟹t=6.5 s.
At this time,
r=−18i+18j m,
which is indeed north-west of O.