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M1 2026 Jan A Q4

A Level / Edexcel / M1

IAL 2026 Jan A Paper · Question 4

题目

Problem

4.

[In this question i\mathbf{i} and j\mathbf{j} are unit vectors directed due east and due north respectively.]

A particle PP is moving with constant velocity (−6i+2j) m s−1(-6\mathbf{i}+2\mathbf{j})\,\mathrm{m\,s^{-1}}

At time t=0t=0, PP passes through the point with position vector (21i+5j) m(21\mathbf{i}+5\mathbf{j})\,\mathrm{m}, relative to a fixed origin OO.

(a) Find the direction of motion of PP, giving your answer as a bearing to the nearest degree.

(3)

(b) Write down the position vector of PP at time tt seconds.

(1)

(c) Find the time at which PP is north-west of OO.

(3)
题目中文翻译

[本题中,i\mathbf{i} 和 j\mathbf{j} 分别为指向正东和正北的单位向量。]

质点 PP 以恒定速度 (−6i+2j) m s−1(-6\mathbf{i}+2\mathbf{j})\,\mathrm{m\,s^{-1}} 运动。

在 t=0t=0 时,PP 经过相对于固定原点 OO 的位置向量为 (21i+5j) m(21\mathbf{i}+5\mathbf{j})\,\mathrm{m} 的点。

(a) 求 PP 的运动方向,以方位角表示,精确到最接近的整数度。

(3)

(b) 写出 tt 秒时 PP 的位置向量。

(1)

(c) 求 PP 位于 OO 的西北方向时的时刻。

(3)

解答

(a)

解法一

思路

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速度指向西北象限,先求偏北于正西的角,再加到 270∘270^\circ 上。方位角从正北顺时针量起。

答题过程

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The velocity has westward component 66 and northward component 22. Let α\alpha be the angle north of west. Then

tan⁡α=26=13,α=18.4349…∘.\tan\alpha=\frac26=\frac13, \qquad\alpha=18.4349\ldots^\circ.

The bearing is

270∘+α=288.4349…∘=288∘270^\circ+\alpha=288.4349\ldots^\circ =\boxed{288^\circ}

to the nearest degree.

(b)

解法一

思路

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匀速运动的位置向量等于初位置加上速度乘时间。

答题过程

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The position vector at time tt is

r=(21−6t)i+(5+2t)j m.\boxed{\mathbf r=(21-6t)\mathbf i+(5+2t)\mathbf j\text{ m}}.

(c)

解法一

思路

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正西北要求水平分量为负、竖直分量为正且绝对值相等。先解分量关系,再回代检查象限。

答题过程

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For PP to be north-west of OO,

21−6t=−(5+2t).21-6t=-(5+2t).

Therefore

26=4t⟹t=6.5 s.26=4t\quad\Longrightarrow\quad\boxed{t=6.5\text{ s}}.

At this time,

r=−18i+18j m,\mathbf r=-18\mathbf i+18\mathbf j\text{ m},

which is indeed north-west of OO.