题目
5.
Two posts, and , are fixed at the side of a straight horizontal road and are apart, as shown in Figure 1. A car and a van are at rest side by side on the road and level with . At time , the car and the van start to move in the direction .
The car accelerates from rest with constant acceleration for seconds until it reaches a speed of The car then moves at a constant speed of
The van accelerates from rest with constant acceleration for until it reaches a speed of The van then moves at a constant speed of
When the car has been moving at for , the van draws level with the car at , and each vehicle has then travelled a distance of .
(a) Sketch, on the same diagram, a speed-time graph for the motion of each vehicle from to .
(b) Find the value of .
(c) Find the value of .
题目中文翻译
如图 1 所示,两根柱子 和 固定在一条水平直路旁,相距 。 一辆汽车与一辆货车并排静止在公路上与 齐平的位置。 在 时,两车开始沿 方向运动。
汽车由静止以恒定加速度行驶 秒,直到速率达到 。 随后汽车以恒定速率 行驶。
货车由静止以恒定加速度行驶 ,直到速率达到 。 随后货车以恒定速率 行驶。
当汽车已以 行驶 时,货车在 与汽车齐平,此时两车各已行驶 。
(a) 在同一图中画出两车从 行驶至 的速率—时间图像草图。
(b) 求 的值。
(c) 求 的值。
解答
(a)
解法一
思路
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两车均从静止开始,先画斜线加速段,再画水平匀速段。两图到达 的时间相同,但此时两车并未停车,不能把曲线画回时间轴。
答题过程
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Use the same axes for both graphs, labelled time and speed .
For the car, draw a straight line from to , followed by a horizontal line to .
For the van, draw a straight line from to , followed by a horizontal line to .
The van’s graph crosses the car’s graph during the journey. Draw and , and label the car, van, , , , and . Both graphs end at without dropping to zero.
(b)
解法一
思路
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汽车的总时间是 ,而非 秒。将汽车的三角形加速面积与长方形匀速面积相加。
答题过程
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The distance travelled by the car is the area under its speed–time graph:
Hence
(c)
解法一
思路
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总时间为 秒,货车匀速运动的时间是 秒。用同样的面积方法求最高速率。
答题过程
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Both vehicles reach at time . For the van,
Thus