题目
Problem
7.
A non-uniform rod AB has length 6m and mass 8kg. The rod rests in equilibrium, in a horizontal position, on two smooth supports at C and at D, where AC=1m and DB=1m, as shown in Figure 2.
The magnitude of the reaction between the rod and the support at D is twice the magnitude of the reaction between the rod and the support at C.
The centre of mass of the rod is at G, where AG=xm.
(a) Show that x=311
(6)
The support at C is moved to the point F on the rod, where AF=2m.
A particle of mass 3kg is placed on the rod at A. The rod remains horizontal and in equilibrium.
The magnitude of the reaction between the rod and the support at D is k times the magnitude of the reaction between the rod and the support at F.
(b) Find the value of k.
(6)
题目中文翻译
一根非均匀杆 AB 长 6m,质量为 8kg。如图 2 所示,杆水平静止平衡于 C、D 两点的光滑支座上,其中 AC=1m,DB=1m。
杆与 D 点支座之间的支持力大小是杆与 C 点支座之间支持力大小的两倍。
杆的质心为 G,其中 AG=xm。
(a) 证明 x=311。
(6)
将 C 点处的支座移至杆上的 F 点,其中 AF=2m。
一个质量为 3kg 的质点放在杆的 A 点。杆仍保持水平平衡。
杆与 D 点支座之间的支持力大小是杆与 F 点支座之间支持力大小的 k 倍。
(b) 求 k 的值。
(6)
解答
(a)
解法一
思路
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杆非均匀,重心不能默认在中点。把两支持力设为 R 与 2R,先竖直平衡,再取矩确定重心位置。
答题过程
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Let the reactions at C and D be R and 2R. Vertical equilibrium gives
R+2R=8g⟹R=38g.
Taking moments about C, where CD=4 m,
8g(x−1)=(2R)(4).
Substituting for R,
8g(x−1)=364g.
Thus
x−1=38⟹x=311,
as required.
解法二
思路
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绕重心取矩时,重力没有力矩,两支持力的共同因子可直接约去。
答题过程
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Taking moments about G,
R(x−1)=2R(5−x).
Since R>0,
x−1=x−1=3x=2(5−x),10−2x,11.
Hence x=11/3, as required.
(b)
解法一
思路
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移动支座并增加质点后,必须重新计算支持力。重心位置仍为 11/3,但原来的支持力数值及倍数关系不能沿用。
答题过程
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Let the new reactions at F and D be RF and RD. Vertical equilibrium gives
RF+RD=11g.
Taking moments about D, with DG=5−11/3=4/3,
3RF=8g(34)+3g(5).
Therefore
RF=977g,RD=11g−977g=922g.
Since RD=kRF,
k=RFRD=7722=72.