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M1 2026 Jan A Q7

A Level / Edexcel / M1

IAL 2026 Jan A Paper · Question 7

题目

Problem

7.

A non-uniform rod ABAB has length 6 m6\,\mathrm{m} and mass 8 kg8\,\mathrm{kg}. The rod rests in equilibrium, in a horizontal position, on two smooth supports at CC and at DD, where AC=1 mAC=1\,\mathrm{m} and DB=1 mDB=1\,\mathrm{m}, as shown in Figure 2.

The magnitude of the reaction between the rod and the support at DD is twice the magnitude of the reaction between the rod and the support at CC.

The centre of mass of the rod is at GG, where AG=x mAG=x\,\mathrm{m}.

(a) Show that x=113x=\frac{11}{3}

(6)

The support at CC is moved to the point FF on the rod, where AF=2 mAF=2\,\mathrm{m}.

A particle of mass 3 kg3\,\mathrm{kg} is placed on the rod at AA. The rod remains horizontal and in equilibrium.

The magnitude of the reaction between the rod and the support at DD is kk times the magnitude of the reaction between the rod and the support at FF.

(b) Find the value of kk.

(6)
题目中文翻译

一根非均匀杆 ABAB 长 6 m6\,\mathrm{m},质量为 8 kg8\,\mathrm{kg}。如图 2 所示,杆水平静止平衡于 CC、DD 两点的光滑支座上,其中 AC=1 mAC=1\,\mathrm{m},DB=1 mDB=1\,\mathrm{m}。

杆与 DD 点支座之间的支持力大小是杆与 CC 点支座之间支持力大小的两倍。

杆的质心为 GG,其中 AG=x mAG=x\,\mathrm{m}。

(a) 证明 x=113x=\frac{11}{3}。

(6)

将 CC 点处的支座移至杆上的 FF 点,其中 AF=2 mAF=2\,\mathrm{m}。

一个质量为 3 kg3\,\mathrm{kg} 的质点放在杆的 AA 点。杆仍保持水平平衡。

杆与 DD 点支座之间的支持力大小是杆与 FF 点支座之间支持力大小的 kk 倍。

(b) 求 kk 的值。

(6)

解答

(a)

解法一

思路

展开

杆非均匀,重心不能默认在中点。把两支持力设为 RR 与 2R2R,先竖直平衡,再取矩确定重心位置。

答题过程

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Let the reactions at CC and DD be RR and 2R2R. Vertical equilibrium gives

R+2R=8g⟹R=8g3.R+2R=8g\quad\Longrightarrow\quad R=\frac{8g}{3}.

Taking moments about CC, where CD=4 mCD=4\text{ m},

8g(x−1)=(2R)(4).8g(x-1)=(2R)(4).

Substituting for RR,

8g(x−1)=64g3.8g(x-1)=\frac{64g}{3}.

Thus

x−1=83⟹x=113,x-1=\frac83\quad\Longrightarrow\quad\boxed{x=\frac{11}{3}},

as required.

解法二

思路

展开

绕重心取矩时,重力没有力矩,两支持力的共同因子可直接约去。

答题过程

展开

Taking moments about GG,

R(x−1)=2R(5−x).R(x-1)=2R(5-x).

Since R>0R>0,

x−1= 2(5−x),x−1= 10−2x,3x= 11.\begin{align*} x-1=&\,2(5-x),\\ x-1=&\,10-2x,\\ 3x=&\,11. \end{align*}

Hence x=11/3\boxed{x=11/3}, as required.

(b)

解法一

思路

展开

移动支座并增加质点后,必须重新计算支持力。重心位置仍为 11/311/3,但原来的支持力数值及倍数关系不能沿用。

答题过程

展开

Let the new reactions at FF and DD be RFR_F and RDR_D. Vertical equilibrium gives

RF+RD=11g.R_F+R_D=11g.

Taking moments about DD, with DG=5−11/3=4/3DG=5-11/3=4/3,

3RF=8g(43)+3g(5).3R_F=8g\left(\frac43\right)+3g(5).

Therefore

RF=77g9,RD=11g−77g9=22g9.R_F=\frac{77g}{9},\qquad R_D=11g-\frac{77g}{9}=\frac{22g}{9}.

Since RD=kRFR_D=kR_F,

k=RDRF=2277=27.\boxed{k=\frac{R_D}{R_F}=\frac{22}{77}=\frac27}.