题目
8.
Two particles and have masses and respectively. Particle is attached to one end of a light inextensible string and particle is attached to the other end.
Particle is held at rest on a rough horizontal table. The string lies along the table and passes over a small smooth light pulley which is fixed at the edge of the table. Particle hangs at rest vertically below the pulley, at a height above a horizontal plane, as shown in Figure 3.
The coefficient of friction between and the table is
Particle is released from rest with the string taut and slides along the table.
(a) Find, in terms of , the tension in the string when both particles are moving.
The particle does not reach the pulley before hits the plane.
(b) Show that the speed of immediately before it hits the plane is
When hits the plane, does not rebound and continues to slide along the table. Given that comes to rest before it reaches the pulley,
(c) show that the total length of the string must be greater than
题目中文翻译
两质点 和 的质量分别为 和 。 质点 连接于一根不可伸长的轻绳的一端,质点 连接于另一端。
质点 被保持静止在粗糙水平桌面上。绳沿桌面放置,并跨过一个固定在桌边的小光滑轻质滑轮。 如图 3 所示,质点 静止地竖直悬挂在滑轮下方,距一个水平面的高度为 。
与桌面之间的摩擦系数为 。
质点 由静止释放,绳绷紧, 沿桌面滑动。
(a) 用 表示两质点均运动时绳中的张力。
在 撞击水平面之前,质点 未到达滑轮。
(b) 证明 撞击水平面前一瞬间的速率为 。
撞击水平面后不反弹, 继续沿桌面滑动。 已知 在到达滑轮之前静止,
(c) 证明绳的总长度必须大于 。
解答
(a)
解法一
思路
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两粒子加速度大小相同,轻绳经过光滑滑轮时张力相同。分别列两粒子的运动方程,支持力只涉及桌上的 。
答题过程
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For , vertical equilibrium gives
Let the common acceleration magnitude be . Resolving in the direction of motion for each particle,
Adding gives
Thus
(b)
解法一
思路
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从静止下降 ,加速度为系统的 ,不是自由落体的 。
答题过程
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Using for ,
Since is a speed,
as required.
(c)
解法一
思路
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落地后不反弹, 继续前进使绳松弛,张力变为零。由新的摩擦减速度求额外滑行距离,再与落地前已走的 相加。
答题过程
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When hits the plane, the string becomes slack as continues towards the pulley. The tension is now zero, so for ,
Let the additional distance travelled by before stopping be . Its initial speed for this stage is , so
Before hits the plane, has already moved . Thus its total travel before stopping is
Since stops before reaching the pulley, its initial horizontal distance from the pulley is greater than . The total string length is greater than this initial horizontal section. Hence
as required.