Skip to content
CalcGospel 國際數學圖譜
返回

M1 2026 Jan Q1

A Level / Edexcel / M1

IAL 2026 Jan Paper · Question 1

题目

Problem

1.

A particle PP of mass 3m3m and a particle QQ of mass 5m5m are on a smooth horizontal surface. The particles move towards each other in opposite directions along the same straight line and collide.

Immediately before the collision, the speed of PP is 3u3u and the speed of QQ is 4u4u

The magnitude of the impulse exerted on PP by QQ in the collision is 332mu\frac{33}{2}mu

Find

(i) the speed of PP immediately after the collision,

(ii) the speed of QQ immediately after the collision.

(6)
题目中文翻译

质量为 3m3m 的质点 PP 和质量为 5m5m 的质点 QQ 位于光滑水平面上。 两质点沿同一直线相向运动并发生碰撞。

碰撞前一瞬间,PP 的速率为 3u3u,QQ 的速率为 4u4u。

碰撞过程中 QQ 对 PP 施加的冲量大小为 332mu\frac{33}{2}mu。

求

(i) 碰撞后瞬间 PP 的速率,

(ii) 碰撞后瞬间 QQ 的速率。

(6)

解答

(i)

解法一

思路

展开

取 PP 原来的运动方向为正方向。碰撞冲量与这个方向相反;得到的负速度要转成正的速率。

答题过程

展开

Take the original direction of motion of PP as positive. If its velocity after impact is vv, the impulse–momentum equation is

3m(v−3u)= −332mu,v−3u= −112u,v= −52u.\begin{align*} 3m(v-3u)=&\,-\frac{33}{2}mu,\\ v-3u=&\,-\frac{11}{2}u,\\ v=&\,-\frac52u. \end{align*}

Thus PP reverses direction and its speed is 52u\boxed{\frac52u}.

(ii)

解法一

思路

展开

QQ 所受冲量与 PP 所受冲量等大反向。QQ 的初速度为 −4u-4u,求得末速度后取绝对值。

答题过程

展开

The impulse on QQ is 332mu\frac{33}{2}mu in the positive direction. If its final velocity is ww,

5m(w−(−4u))= 332mu,w+4u= 3310u,w= −710u.\begin{align*} 5m\bigl(w-(-4u)\bigr)=&\,\frac{33}{2}mu,\\ w+4u=&\,\frac{33}{10}u,\\ w=&\,-\frac7{10}u. \end{align*}

Therefore the speed of QQ is 710u\boxed{\frac7{10}u}.

解法二

思路

展开

也可对两个粒子整体使用动量守恒,但必须使用上一问有符号的末速度 −5u/2-5u/2。

答题过程

展开

Conserving momentum in the original direction of motion of PP,

3m(3u)+5m(−4u)=3m(−52u)+5mw.3m(3u)+5m(-4u)=3m\left(-\frac52u\right)+5mw.

Thus

−11mu=−152mu+5mw,w=−710u.-11mu=-\frac{15}{2}mu+5mw, \qquad w=-\frac7{10}u.

Hence the speed of QQ is 710u\boxed{\frac7{10}u}.