题目
1.
A particle of mass and a particle of mass are on a smooth horizontal surface. The particles move towards each other in opposite directions along the same straight line and collide.
Immediately before the collision, the speed of is and the speed of is
The magnitude of the impulse exerted on by in the collision is
Find
(i) the speed of immediately after the collision,
(ii) the speed of immediately after the collision.
题目中文翻译
质量为 的质点 和质量为 的质点 位于光滑水平面上。 两质点沿同一直线相向运动并发生碰撞。
碰撞前一瞬间, 的速率为 , 的速率为 。
碰撞过程中 对 施加的冲量大小为 。
求
(i) 碰撞后瞬间 的速率,
(ii) 碰撞后瞬间 的速率。
解答
(i)
解法一
思路
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取 原来的运动方向为正方向。碰撞冲量与这个方向相反;得到的负速度要转成正的速率。
答题过程
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Take the original direction of motion of as positive. If its velocity after impact is , the impulse–momentum equation is
Thus reverses direction and its speed is .
(ii)
解法一
思路
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所受冲量与 所受冲量等大反向。 的初速度为 ,求得末速度后取绝对值。
答题过程
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The impulse on is in the positive direction. If its final velocity is ,
Therefore the speed of is .
解法二
思路
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也可对两个粒子整体使用动量守恒,但必须使用上一问有符号的末速度 。
答题过程
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Conserving momentum in the original direction of motion of ,
Thus
Hence the speed of is .