题目
4.
Figure 2 shows a uniform rod of length suspended by two light vertical ropes.
The first rope is attached to the rod at . The second rope is attached to the rod at the point , where .
The rod has mass .
A particle of mass is now attached to the rod at .
The rod is in equilibrium in a horizontal position.
(a) Find
(i) the tension in the rope attached to the rod at ,
(ii) the tension in the rope attached to the rod at .
The particle of mass at is removed and replaced by a particle of mass .
The rod remains in equilibrium in a horizontal position.
(b) Find the exact maximum value of .
题目中文翻译
图 2 所示的均匀杆 长 ,由两根竖直轻绳悬挂。
第一根绳连接于杆上的 点。 第二根绳连接于杆上的 点,其中 。
杆的质量为 。
现将一个质量为 的质点连接于杆上的 点。
杆处于水平平衡状态。
(a) 求
(i) 连接于 点的绳中的张力,
(ii) 连接于 点的绳中的张力。
移去 点处质量为 的质点,换成一个质量为 的质点。
杆仍保持水平平衡。
(b) 求 的精确最大值。
解答
(a)
解法一
思路
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杆的重量作用于中点。绕 取矩先求 处张力,再由竖直平衡求 处张力,使用未舍入值相减。
答题过程
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Let the tensions be and . The rod’s centre of mass is from , and .
(i) Taking moments about ,
Hence
(ii) Resolving vertically,
Thus
(b)
解法一
思路
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增大 处质量会减小 处张力。绳不能提供向下的力,因此最大质量对应 处张力刚好为零;此时绕 取矩。
答题过程
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At the greatest possible mass, the rope at has zero tension. Taking moments about ,
Cancelling gives
For larger , equilibrium would require a downward force at , which the rope cannot provide.