[In this question i and j are horizontal unit vectors directed due east and due north respectively and position vectors are given relative to a fixed origin O.]
At 9 am, a ship S leaves a harbour and moves with constant velocity (10i+15j)kmh−1
(a) Find the exact speed of S
(2)
The harbour is at the origin O.
At 9 am, a boat B leaves the point with position vector (50i+10j)km and moves with constant velocity (−8i+10j)kmh−1
(b) Find the direction in which B is moving, giving your answer as a bearing to the nearest degree.
(3)
(c) Show that at time t hours after 9 am,
SB=[(50−18t)i+(10−5t)j]km
(4)
(d) Show that B and S do not collide.
(3)
When B is north-east of S, the distance between S and B is dkm.
(e) Find the value of d.
(4)
题目中文翻译
[本题中,i 和 j 分别为指向正东和正北的水平单位向量,位置向量均相对于固定原点 O 给出。]
上午 9 时,船 S 离开港口,以恒定速度 (10i+15j)kmh−1 航行。
(a) 求 S 的精确速率。
(2)
港口位于原点 O。
上午 9 时,船 B 从位置向量为 (50i+10j)km 的点出发,以恒定速度 (−8i+10j)kmh−1 航行。
(b) 求 B 的运动方向,以方位角表示,精确到最接近的整数度。
(3)
(c) 证明上午 9 时之后 t 小时时,
SB=[(50−18t)i+(10−5t)j]km
(4)
(d) 证明 B 和 S 不会相撞。
(3)
当 B 位于 S 的东北方向时,S 和 B 之间的距离为 dkm。
(e) 求 d 的值。
(4)
题目勘误
官方原题:(e) 写作“When B is north-east of S”。
实际上应为:现有位置与速度条件下,B 从未位于 S 的正东北;两相对分量相等时均为负,实际是正西南。官方评分标准第18页也明确提及 SW/NE error,但没有在该处给出替换题面的正式更正通知。
本页保留官方英文及忠实翻译,未替换原方向条件。解答区分别说明原条件无解及西南情形下的距离。
解答
(a)
解法一
思路
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速率是速度向量的模;题目要求精确值,保留根式。
答题过程
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The speed of S is
102+152=325=513 km h−1.
(b)
解法一
思路
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B 的速度向西、向北,故方向在西北象限。先求偏西于正北的角,再从 360∘ 减去这个角。
答题过程
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The boat moves 8 km h−1 westwards and 10 km h−1 northwards. Let θ be the angle west of north. Then
The first equation gives t=25/9, while the second gives t=2. These are different times, so both components cannot vanish simultaneously. Hence B and S do not collide.
For B to be north-east of S, the components of SB must be equal and positive. Equating them gives
50−18t=40=t=10−5t,13t,1340.
But at this time,
50−18t=10−5t=−1370<0.
Thus B is south-west of S, and there is no time satisfying the stated north-east condition. Consequently, d is not defined under the original condition.
For the south-west configuration instead, the separation is