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M1 2026 Jan Q7

A Level / Edexcel / M1

IAL 2026 Jan Paper · Question 7

题目

Problem

7.

A rough plane is inclined at an angle θ\theta to the horizontal, where tan⁡θ=43\tan\theta=\frac43

One end of a light inextensible string is attached to a package PP. The string passes over a smooth pulley that is fixed at the top of the plane. The string from PP to the pulley lies along a line of greatest slope of the plane. The other end of the string is attached to a bucket. The package PP has mass 1 kg1\,\mathrm{kg} and is held at rest on the plane. The bucket has mass 0.45 kg0.45\,\mathrm{kg} and hangs vertically below the pulley with the string taut, as shown in Figure 3.

The coefficient of friction between PP and the plane is μ\mu

When a small block of mass 0.2 kg0.2\,\mathrm{kg} is placed in the bucket, the system is released and remains at rest in limiting equilibrium, with PP on the point of slipping down the plane.

(a) Show that μ=14\mu=\frac14

(7)

Additional identical blocks of mass 0.2 kg0.2\,\mathrm{kg} are added one at a time into the bucket until PP starts to move up the plane. At the instant when PP starts to move up the plane, there are a total of nn blocks in the bucket.

(b) Find

(i) the value of nn

(ii) the magnitude of the initial acceleration of PP

(7)
题目中文翻译

一个粗糙斜面与水平面成 θ\theta 角,其中 tan⁡θ=43\tan\theta=\frac43。

一根不可伸长的轻绳的一端连接于包裹 PP。 绳跨过一个固定在斜面顶端的光滑滑轮。 从 PP 到滑轮的一段绳沿斜面的最大坡度线放置。 绳的另一端连接于一个桶。 包裹 PP 的质量为 1 kg1\,\mathrm{kg},被保持静止在斜面上。 如图 3 所示,桶的质量为 0.45 kg0.45\,\mathrm{kg},竖直悬挂在滑轮下方,绳绷紧。

PP 与斜面之间的摩擦系数为 μ\mu。

将一个质量为 0.2 kg0.2\,\mathrm{kg} 的小物块放入桶中后,释放系统,系统仍静止并处于极限平衡状态,PP 恰好要沿斜面向下滑动。

(a) 证明 μ=14\mu=\frac14。

(7)

向桶内逐个加入更多相同的、质量为 0.2 kg0.2\,\mathrm{kg} 的物块,直到 PP 开始沿斜面向上运动。 PP 开始沿斜面向上运动的瞬间,桶内共有 nn 个物块。

(b) 求

(i) nn 的值,

(ii) PP 的初始加速度大小。

(7)

解答

(a)

解法一

思路

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PP 恰要向下滑,摩擦力应沿斜面向上。先求桶和一个物块静止时的张力,再求平衡所需摩擦力,与极限摩擦力相等。

答题过程

展开

Since tan⁡θ=4/3\tan\theta=4/3,

sin⁡θ=45,cos⁡θ=35.\sin\theta=\frac45,\qquad\cos\theta=\frac35.

The bucket and one block are at rest, so

T=(0.45+0.2)g=13g20.T=(0.45+0.2)g=\frac{13g}{20}.

For PP, the normal reaction is

R=gcos⁡θ=3g5.R=g\cos\theta=\frac{3g}{5}.

As PP is on the point of slipping down the plane, friction acts up the plane and has magnitude F=μRF=\mu R. Resolving along the plane,

T+F= gsin⁡θ,F= 45g−1320g=3g20.\begin{align*} T+F=&\,g\sin\theta,\\ F=&\,\frac45g-\frac{13}{20}g=\frac{3g}{20}. \end{align*}

Therefore

μ=FR=3g/203g/5=14,\mu=\frac{F}{R}=\frac{3g/20}{3g/5} =\boxed{\frac14},

as required.

(b)

解法一

思路

展开

向上运动时摩擦力改为沿斜面向下。先比较使系统向上启动的临界总重,再取最小整数物块数;求加速度时把所有物块质量都计入惯性质量。

答题过程

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(i) For impending upward motion of PP, friction acts down the plane, with limiting magnitude

F=μR=3g20.F=\mu R=\frac{3g}{20}.

The bucket must outweigh the total opposing force on PP:

(0.45+0.2n)g> 45g+320g,0.45+0.2n> 0.95,n> 2.5.\begin{align*} (0.45+0.2n)g>&\,\frac45g+\frac3{20}g,\\ 0.45+0.2n>&\,0.95,\\ n>&\,2.5. \end{align*}

The smallest integer is therefore n=3\boxed{n=3}.

(ii) Let PP accelerate up the plane with magnitude aa. The bucket and three blocks accelerate downwards with the same magnitude. Their equations of motion are

T−45g−320g=a,T-\frac45g-\frac3{20}g=a, 1.05g−T=1.05a.1.05g-T=1.05a.

Adding to eliminate TT,

(1.05−45−320)g= 2.05a,0.10g= 2.05a,a= 2g41.\begin{align*} \left(1.05-\frac45-\frac3{20}\right)g=&\,2.05a,\\ 0.10g=&\,2.05a,\\ a=&\,\frac{2g}{41}. \end{align*}

Hence the initial acceleration magnitude is

0.478 m s−2(3 s.f.).\boxed{0.478\text{ m s}^{-2}}\quad(3\text{ s.f.}).