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M2 2020 Oct Q2

A Level / Edexcel / M2

IAL 2020 Oct Paper · Question 2

题目

Problem

2.

A truck of weight 9000 N9000\,\mathrm{N} is travelling up a hill on a straight road that is inclined at an angle θ\theta to the horizontal, where sin⁡θ=115\sin\theta=\frac1{15}

When the truck travels up the hill with the engine working at 3P3P watts, the truck is moving at a constant speed of 12 m s−112\,\mathrm{m\,s^{-1}}

Later on, the truck travels down the hill along the same road, with the engine working at PP watts. At the instant when the speed of the truck is 12 m s−112\,\mathrm{m\,s^{-1}}, the acceleration of the truck is g20\frac g{20}

The resistance to motion of the truck from non-gravitational forces is a constant force of magnitude RR newtons in all circumstances.

Find (i) the value of PP,

(ii) the value of RR.

(9)
题目中文翻译

一辆重 9000 N9000\,\mathrm{N} 的卡车沿上坡直路行驶,公路与水平面成 θ\theta 角,其中 sin⁡θ=115\sin\theta=\frac1{15}。

当卡车上坡且发动机以 3P3P 瓦的功率工作时,卡车以恒定速率 12 m s−112\,\mathrm{m\,s^{-1}} 行驶。

随后卡车沿同一条公路下坡,发动机以 PP 瓦的功率工作。当卡车的速率为 12 m s−112\,\mathrm{m\,s^{-1}} 时,其加速度为 g20\frac g{20}。

在所有情况下,卡车所受的非重力运动阻力均为大小恒定的 RR 牛顿。

求 (i) PP 的值,

(ii) RR 的值。

(9)

解答

(i)

解法一

思路

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功率等于牵引力乘速率。注意题给 9000 N9000\text{ N} 是重量,质量为 9000/g9000/g;上坡与下坡时重力分量相对运动方向的符号相反。

答题过程

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The truck has mass 9000/g9000/g and the component of its weight down the slope is

9000sin⁡θ=600 N.9000\sin\theta=600\text{ N}.

Uphill, its driving force is 3P/123P/12. Constant speed gives

3P12−R−600=0,\frac{3P}{12}-R-600=0,

so

3P12−R=600.(1)\frac{3P}{12}-R=600.\tag{1}

Downhill, take down the slope as positive. The driving force is P/12P/12, so Newton’s second law gives

P12+600−R=9000gg20=450.\frac P{12}+600-R=\frac{9000}{g}\frac g{20}=450.

Thus

P12−R=−150.(2)\frac P{12}-R=-150.\tag{2}

Subtracting (2) from (1),

2P12=750⟹P=4500.\frac{2P}{12}=750 \quad\Longrightarrow\quad\boxed{P=4500}.

(ii)

解法一

思路

展开

将功率参数代回任一运动方程求阻力;上、下坡两式应给出相同结果。

答题过程

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Substituting P=4500P=4500 into (2),

450012−R=−150.\frac{4500}{12}-R=-150.

Therefore

R=525.\boxed{R=525}.

The resistance has magnitude 525 N525\text{ N}.