题目
2.
A truck of weight is travelling up a hill on a straight road that is inclined at an angle to the horizontal, where
When the truck travels up the hill with the engine working at watts, the truck is moving at a constant speed of
Later on, the truck travels down the hill along the same road, with the engine working at watts. At the instant when the speed of the truck is , the acceleration of the truck is
The resistance to motion of the truck from non-gravitational forces is a constant force of magnitude newtons in all circumstances.
Find (i) the value of ,
(ii) the value of .
题目中文翻译
一辆重 的卡车沿上坡直路行驶,公路与水平面成 角,其中 。
当卡车上坡且发动机以 瓦的功率工作时,卡车以恒定速率 行驶。
随后卡车沿同一条公路下坡,发动机以 瓦的功率工作。当卡车的速率为 时,其加速度为 。
在所有情况下,卡车所受的非重力运动阻力均为大小恒定的 牛顿。
求 (i) 的值,
(ii) 的值。
解答
(i)
解法一
思路
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功率等于牵引力乘速率。注意题给 是重量,质量为 ;上坡与下坡时重力分量相对运动方向的符号相反。
答题过程
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The truck has mass and the component of its weight down the slope is
Uphill, its driving force is . Constant speed gives
so
Downhill, take down the slope as positive. The driving force is , so Newton’s second law gives
Thus
Subtracting (2) from (1),
(ii)
解法一
思路
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将功率参数代回任一运动方程求阻力;上、下坡两式应给出相同结果。
答题过程
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Substituting into (2),
Therefore
The resistance has magnitude .