题目
7.
Particle of mass is moving in a straight line with speed on a smooth horizontal surface. Particle collides directly with particle of mass , which is moving along the same straight line and in the same direction as .
Immediately before the collision, the speed of is .
As a result of the collision, the direction of motion of is unchanged and the kinetic energy gained by is
(a) Find the coefficient of restitution between and .
After the collision, hits a smooth fixed vertical wall that is perpendicular to the direction of motion of . The coefficient of restitution between and the wall is .
Given that the speed of immediately after first hitting the wall is equal to the speed of immediately after its first collision with ,
(b) find the value of .
题目中文翻译
质量为 的质点 在光滑水平面上以速率 作直线运动。质点 与质量为 的质点 发生正碰, 沿同一直线向与 相同的方向运动。
碰撞前一瞬间, 的速率为 。
碰撞后 的运动方向不变,且 增加的动能为 。
(a) 求 和 之间的恢复系数。
碰撞后, 撞击一面垂直于其运动方向的光滑固定竖直墙。 与墙之间的恢复系数为 。
已知 第一次撞墙后瞬间的速率,等于 与 第一次碰撞后瞬间 的速率,
(b) 求 的值。
解答
(a)
解法一
思路
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由 增加的动能先求其末速度,再由动量守恒求 的末速度,最后取分离速率与接近速率之比。
答题过程
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Take the initial direction of motion as positive. Let the velocities of and after their collision be and .
The kinetic energy gained by is
Therefore
Since continues in its original direction,
Conservation of momentum gives
The coefficient of restitution is
(b)
解法一
思路
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固定墙的速度为零,恢复系数等于反弹速率除以入射速率。题给反弹速率等于 碰后的速率。
答题过程
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The speed of before hitting the wall is , and its rebound speed is . Thus