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M2 2021 Jan Q2

A Level / Edexcel / M2

IAL 2021 Jan Paper · Question 2

题目

Problem

2.

The uniform lamina ABCABC has sides AB=AC=13aAB=AC=13a and BC=10aBC=10a. The lamina is freely suspended from AA. A horizontal force of magnitude FF is applied to the lamina at BB, as shown in Figure 1. The line of action of the force lies in the vertical plane containing the lamina. The lamina is in equilibrium with ABAB vertical. The weight of the lamina is WW.

Find FF in terms of WW.

(5)
题目中文翻译

均匀薄片 ABCABC 的边长满足 AB=AC=13aAB=AC=13a,BC=10aBC=10a。薄片从 AA 自由悬挂。如图 1 所示,在薄片的 BB 点施加大小为 FF 的水平力。力的作用线位于包含薄片的竖直平面内。薄片平衡时,ABAB 竖直。薄片的重量为 WW。

用 WW 表示 FF。

(5)

解答

解法一

思路

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等腰三角形的重心位于顶点到底边中点的中线上,距顶点为中线的三分之二。先用 55—1212—1313 三角形求中线及其方向,再绕悬挂点取矩。

答题过程

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Let HH be the midpoint of BCBC. Then BH=5aBH=5a and AHAH is perpendicular to BCBC. By Pythagoras,

AH=(13a)2−(5a)2=12a.AH=\sqrt{(13a)^2-(5a)^2}=12a.

The centre of mass GG lies on AHAH, with

AG=23AH=8a.AG=\frac23AH=8a.

Let ϕ=∠HAB\phi=\angle HAB. In the right-angled triangle AHBAHB,

sin⁡ϕ=513.\sin\phi=\frac5{13}.

Since ABAB is vertical, the perpendicular distance from AA to the weight’s line of action is

AGsin⁡ϕ=8a513=40a13.AG\sin\phi=8a\frac5{13}=\frac{40a}{13}.

Taking moments about AA,

F(13a)=W40a13.F(13a)=W\frac{40a}{13}.

Therefore

F=40169W.\boxed{F=\frac{40}{169}W}.