题目
8.
Two particles, and , have masses and respectively. The particles are moving towards each other along the same straight line on a smooth horizontal surface. The particles collide directly. Immediately after the collision, and are moving in the same direction with speeds and respectively. In the collision, receives an impulse of magnitude .
(a) Find the coefficient of restitution between and .
When and collide they are at a distance from a smooth vertical wall, which is perpendicular to their direction of motion. After the collision with , particle collides directly with the wall and rebounds so that there is a second collision between and . This second collision takes place at distance from the wall.
Given that the coefficient of restitution between and the wall is
(b) find in terms of .
题目中文翻译
两质点 和 的质量分别为 和 。它们在光滑水平面上沿同一直线相向运动,并发生正碰。碰撞后瞬间, 和 分别以速率 和 同向运动。碰撞过程中, 受到大小为 的冲量。
(a) 求 和 之间的恢复系数。
和 碰撞时,距一面垂直于其运动方向的光滑竖直墙的距离为 。与 碰撞后,质点 与墙发生正碰并反弹,随后与 发生第二次碰撞。 第二次碰撞发生在距墙 的位置。
已知 与墙之间的恢复系数为 ,
(b) 用 表示 。
解答
(a)
解法一
思路
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取碰后共同运动方向为正方向。、 碰前相向,碰后 较快,故将它们的碰前速度分别记为 和 。用等反冲量求出接近速率,再求恢复系数。
答题过程
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Take the common direction after the collision as positive. Let the initial velocities of and be and respectively, where .
The impulse on acts opposite to the positive direction, so
Hence
The impulse on is , giving
The speed of separation is , while the speed of approach is . Therefore
(b)
解法一
思路
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先计算 撞墙时两粒子的间距,再用反弹后的接近速率求第二次相撞时间。最后乘以 的反弹速率,得到它离墙的距离。
答题过程
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After the first collision, reaches the wall in time . During this time, travels
Thus, when hits the wall, the gap between the particles is
The rebound speed of is . The particles then approach each other at relative speed
The time from the wall impact to the second collision is
Hence the distance from the wall is
解法二
思路
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也可从第一次碰撞起比较两粒子到第二次碰撞的总时间。 的路程分为去墙和离墙两段,速率分别为 与 。
答题过程
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If the second collision occurs at distance from the wall, travels at speed . Its travel time is
Particle travels to the wall at speed , then travels at speed . Thus
Equating the times,