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M2 2021 Jan Q8

A Level / Edexcel / M2

IAL 2021 Jan Paper · Question 8

题目

Problem

8.

Two particles, AA and BB, have masses 3m3m and 4m4m respectively. The particles are moving towards each other along the same straight line on a smooth horizontal surface. The particles collide directly. Immediately after the collision, AA and BB are moving in the same direction with speeds u3\frac u3 and uu respectively. In the collision, AA receives an impulse of magnitude 8mu8mu.

(a) Find the coefficient of restitution between AA and BB.

(6)

When AA and BB collide they are at a distance dd from a smooth vertical wall, which is perpendicular to their direction of motion. After the collision with AA, particle BB collides directly with the wall and rebounds so that there is a second collision between AA and BB. This second collision takes place at distance xx from the wall.

Given that the coefficient of restitution between BB and the wall is 14\frac14

(b) find xx in terms of dd.

(6)
题目中文翻译

两质点 AA 和 BB 的质量分别为 3m3m 和 4m4m。它们在光滑水平面上沿同一直线相向运动,并发生正碰。碰撞后瞬间,AA 和 BB 分别以速率 u3\frac u3 和 uu 同向运动。碰撞过程中,AA 受到大小为 8mu8mu 的冲量。

(a) 求 AA 和 BB 之间的恢复系数。

(6)

AA 和 BB 碰撞时,距一面垂直于其运动方向的光滑竖直墙的距离为 dd。与 AA 碰撞后,质点 BB 与墙发生正碰并反弹,随后与 AA 发生第二次碰撞。 第二次碰撞发生在距墙 xx 的位置。

已知 BB 与墙之间的恢复系数为 14\frac14,

(b) 用 dd 表示 xx。

(6)

解答

(a)

解法一

思路

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取碰后共同运动方向为正方向。AA、BB 碰前相向,碰后 BB 较快,故将它们的碰前速度分别记为 vv 和 −w-w。用等反冲量求出接近速率,再求恢复系数。

答题过程

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Take the common direction after the collision as positive. Let the initial velocities of AA and BB be vv and −w-w respectively, where v,w>0v,w>0.

The impulse on AA acts opposite to the positive direction, so

3m(u3−v)=−8mu.3m\left(\frac u3-v\right)=-8mu.

Hence

u−3v=−8u⟹v=3u.u-3v=-8u\quad\Longrightarrow\quad v=3u.

The impulse on BB is +8mu+8mu, giving

4m[u−(−w)]=8mu⟹w=u.4m[u-(-w)]=8mu \quad\Longrightarrow\quad w=u.

The speed of separation is u−u/3=2u/3u-u/3=2u/3, while the speed of approach is 3u+u=4u3u+u=4u. Therefore

e=2u/34u=16.\boxed{e=\frac{2u/3}{4u}=\frac16}.

(b)

解法一

思路

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先计算 BB 撞墙时两粒子的间距,再用反弹后的接近速率求第二次相撞时间。最后乘以 BB 的反弹速率,得到它离墙的距离。

答题过程

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After the first collision, BB reaches the wall in time d/ud/u. During this time, AA travels

u3du=d3.\frac u3\frac du=\frac d3.

Thus, when BB hits the wall, the gap between the particles is

d−d3=2d3.d-\frac d3=\frac{2d}{3}.

The rebound speed of BB is u/4u/4. The particles then approach each other at relative speed

u3+u4=7u12.\frac u3+\frac u4=\frac{7u}{12}.

The time from the wall impact to the second collision is

τ=2d/37u/12=8d7u.\tau=\frac{2d/3}{7u/12}=\frac{8d}{7u}.

Hence the distance from the wall is

x=u4τ=2d7.x=\frac u4\tau =\boxed{\frac{2d}{7}}.

解法二

思路

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也可从第一次碰撞起比较两粒子到第二次碰撞的总时间。BB 的路程分为去墙和离墙两段,速率分别为 uu 与 u/4u/4。

答题过程

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If the second collision occurs at distance xx from the wall, AA travels d−xd-x at speed u/3u/3. Its travel time is

tA=d−xu/3=3(d−x)u.t_A=\frac{d-x}{u/3}=\frac{3(d-x)}u.

Particle BB travels dd to the wall at speed uu, then travels xx at speed u/4u/4. Thus

tB=du+xu/4=d+4xu.t_B=\frac du+\frac{x}{u/4}=\frac{d+4x}{u}.

Equating the times,

3d−3x=d+4x⟹x=2d7.3d-3x=d+4x \quad\Longrightarrow\quad\boxed{x=\frac{2d}{7}}.