Skip to content
CalcGospel 國際數學圖譜
返回

M2 2021 June Q3

A Level / Edexcel / M2

IAL 2021 June Paper · Question 3

题目

Problem

3.

The uniform lamina ABCDABCD is a square of side 6a6a. The template TT, shown shaded in Figure 1, is formed by removing the right-angled triangle EFGEFG and the circle, centre HH and radius aa, from the square lamina.

Triangle EFGEFG has EF=EG=4aEF=EG=4a, with EFEF parallel to ABAB and EGEG parallel to ADAD. The distance between ABAB and EFEF is aa and the distance between ADAD and EGEG is aa.

The point HH lies on ACAC and the distance of HH from BCBC is 2a2a.

(a) Show that the centre of mass of TT is a distance 4(67−3π)3(28−π)a\frac{4(67-3\pi)}{3(28-\pi)}a from ADAD.

(5)

The template TT is suspended from the ceiling by two light inextensible vertical strings. One string is attached to TT at AA and the other string is attached to TT at BB so that TT hangs in equilibrium with ABAB horizontal.

The weight of TT is WW. The tension in the string attached to TT at BB is kWkW, where kk is a constant.

(b) Find the value of kk, giving your answer to 2 decimal places.

(3)
题目中文翻译

均匀薄片 ABCDABCD 是边长为 6a6a 的正方形。图 1 阴影所示的模板 TT,由正方形薄片挖去直角三角形 EFGEFG 和以 HH 为圆心、半径为 aa 的圆得到。

三角形 EFGEFG 满足 EF=EG=4aEF=EG=4a,EFEF 平行于 ABAB,EGEG 平行于 ADAD。ABAB 与 EFEF 之间的距离为 aa,ADAD 与 EGEG 之间的距离也为 aa。

HH 点位于 ACAC 上,HH 到 BCBC 的距离为 2a2a。

(a) 证明 TT 的质心到 ADAD 的距离为 4(67−3π)3(28−π)a\frac{4(67-3\pi)}{3(28-\pi)}a。

(5)

模板 TT 由两根不可伸长的竖直轻绳悬挂在天花板上。 一根绳连接于 TT 的 AA 点,另一根连接于 BB 点,使 TT 平衡悬挂且 ABAB 水平。

TT 的重量为 WW。连接于 BB 点的绳中张力为 kWkW,其中 kk 为常数。

(b) 求 kk 的值,答案保留 2 位小数。

(3)

解答

(a)

解法一

思路

展开

薄片密度均匀,可以用面积代替质量取矩。把挖去的三角形和圆当作负面积;三角形重心距其直角顶点为边长的三分之一。

答题过程

展开

Measure horizontal distances from ADAD towards BCBC. The original square has area 36a236a^2 and centroid distance 3a3a from ADAD.

The removed right-angled triangle has area

12(4a)(4a)=8a2,\frac12(4a)(4a)=8a^2,

and its centroid is at distance

a+4a3=7a3a+\frac{4a}{3}=\frac{7a}{3}

from ADAD. The removed circle has area πa2\pi a^2 and centre at distance 6a−2a=4a6a-2a=4a from ADAD.

Let the required distance be xˉ\bar x. Taking moments of areas about ADAD,

(28−π)a2xˉ= 36a2(3a)−8a2(7a3)−πa2(4a),xˉ= 108−56/3−4π28−πa.\begin{align*} (28-\pi)a^2\bar x=&\,36a^2(3a)-8a^2\left(\frac{7a}{3}\right)-\pi a^2(4a),\\ \bar x=&\,\frac{108-56/3-4\pi}{28-\pi}a. \end{align*}

Thus

xˉ=4(67−3π)3(28−π)a.\boxed{\bar x=\frac{4(67-3\pi)}{3(28-\pi)}a}.

(b)

解法一

思路

展开

两根竖直细绳承受薄片重量。对 AA 取矩可消去 AA 处张力,而 BB 处张力的力臂是 6a6a;重力的力臂就是上一问所得的水平距离。

答题过程

展开

Let the tension in the string attached at BB be kWkW. Taking moments about AA,

kW(6a)=Wxˉ.kW(6a)=W\bar x.

Therefore

k=xˉ6a=2(67−3π)9(28−π).k=\frac{\bar x}{6a}=\frac{2(67-3\pi)}{9(28-\pi)}.

To 2 decimal places,

k=0.51.\boxed{k=0.51}.