题目
3.
The uniform lamina is a square of side . The template , shown shaded in Figure 1, is formed by removing the right-angled triangle and the circle, centre and radius , from the square lamina.
Triangle has , with parallel to and parallel to . The distance between and is and the distance between and is .
The point lies on and the distance of from is .
(a) Show that the centre of mass of is a distance from .
The template is suspended from the ceiling by two light inextensible vertical strings. One string is attached to at and the other string is attached to at so that hangs in equilibrium with horizontal.
The weight of is . The tension in the string attached to at is , where is a constant.
(b) Find the value of , giving your answer to 2 decimal places.
题目中文翻译
均匀薄片 是边长为 的正方形。图 1 阴影所示的模板 ,由正方形薄片挖去直角三角形 和以 为圆心、半径为 的圆得到。
三角形 满足 , 平行于 , 平行于 。 与 之间的距离为 , 与 之间的距离也为 。
点位于 上, 到 的距离为 。
(a) 证明 的质心到 的距离为 。
模板 由两根不可伸长的竖直轻绳悬挂在天花板上。 一根绳连接于 的 点,另一根连接于 点,使 平衡悬挂且 水平。
的重量为 。连接于 点的绳中张力为 ,其中 为常数。
(b) 求 的值,答案保留 2 位小数。
解答
(a)
解法一
思路
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薄片密度均匀,可以用面积代替质量取矩。把挖去的三角形和圆当作负面积;三角形重心距其直角顶点为边长的三分之一。
答题过程
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Measure horizontal distances from towards . The original square has area and centroid distance from .
The removed right-angled triangle has area
and its centroid is at distance
from . The removed circle has area and centre at distance from .
Let the required distance be . Taking moments of areas about ,
Thus
(b)
解法一
思路
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两根竖直细绳承受薄片重量。对 取矩可消去 处张力,而 处张力的力臂是 ;重力的力臂就是上一问所得的水平距离。
答题过程
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Let the tension in the string attached at be . Taking moments about ,
Therefore
To 2 decimal places,