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M2 2021 Oct Q5

A Level / Edexcel / M2

IAL 2021 Oct Paper · Question 5

题目

Problem

5.

A pole ABAB has length 2.5 m2.5\,\mathrm{m} and weight 70 N70\,\mathrm{N}.

The pole rests with end BB against a rough vertical wall. One end of a cable of length 4 m4\,\mathrm{m} is attached to the pole at AA. The other end of the cable is attached to the wall at the point CC. The point CC is vertically above BB and BC=2.5 mBC=2.5\,\mathrm{m}.

The angle between the cable and the wall is α\alpha, as shown in Figure 2.

The pole is in a vertical plane perpendicular to the wall.

The cable is modelled as a light inextensible string and the pole is modelled as a uniform rod.

Given that tan⁡α=34\tan\alpha=\frac34

(a) show that the tension in the cable is 56 N56\,\mathrm{N}.

(4)

Given also that the pole is in limiting equilibrium,

(b) find the coefficient of friction between the pole and the wall.

(6)
题目中文翻译

杆 ABAB 长 2.5 m2.5\,\mathrm{m},重 70 N70\,\mathrm{N}。

杆的 BB 端靠在粗糙竖直墙上并静止。一条长 4 m4\,\mathrm{m} 的缆绳的一端连接于杆的 AA 点,另一端连接于墙上的 CC 点。CC 位于 BB 的正上方,且 BC=2.5 mBC=2.5\,\mathrm{m}。

如图 2 所示,缆绳与墙之间的夹角为 α\alpha。

杆位于垂直于墙面的竖直平面内。

将缆绳视为不可伸长的轻绳,将杆视为均匀杆。

已知 tan⁡α=34\tan\alpha=\frac34,

(a) 证明缆绳中的张力为 56 N56\,\mathrm{N}。

(4)

又知杆处于极限平衡状态,

(b) 求杆与墙之间的摩擦系数。

(6)

解答

(a)

解法一

思路

展开

AB=BCAB=BC,等腰三角形在 AA、CC 的角均为 α\alpha,所以杆与竖直向下方向成 2α2\alpha。对墙上接触点 BB 取矩,消去支持力及摩擦力。

答题过程

展开

Since AB=BC=2.5AB=BC=2.5 m, triangle ABCABC is isosceles, with

∠BAC=∠ACB=α.\angle BAC=\angle ACB=\alpha.

Therefore the angle between BABA and the downward vertical is 2α2\alpha.

The rod is uniform, so its weight acts at its midpoint. Taking moments about BB,

T(2.5sin⁡α)=70(1.25sin⁡2α).T(2.5\sin\alpha)=70(1.25\sin2\alpha).

Using sin⁡2α=2sin⁡αcos⁡α\sin2\alpha=2\sin\alpha\cos\alpha,

T=70cos⁡α.T=70\cos\alpha.

Since tan⁡α=3/4\tan\alpha=3/4, cos⁡α=4/5\cos\alpha=4/5, and hence

T=70×45=56 N.\boxed{T=70\times\frac45=56\text{ N}}.

(b)

解法一

思路

展开

竖直墙的支持力是水平方向,摩擦力是竖直方向。张力的竖直分量小于重量,因此摩擦力向上;极限平衡才可以令 F=μRF=\mu R。

答题过程

展开

Let the normal reaction from the wall be RR, acting horizontally away from the wall, and let the frictional force be FF upwards.

Resolving horizontally,

R=Tsin⁡α=56×35=1685 N.R=T\sin\alpha=56\times\frac35=\frac{168}{5}\text{ N}.

Resolving vertically,

F+Tcos⁡α=70,F+T\cos\alpha=70,

so

F=70−56×45=1265 N.F=70-56\times\frac45=\frac{126}{5}\text{ N}.

In limiting equilibrium, F=μRF=\mu R. Therefore

μ=FR=126168=34.\boxed{\mu=\frac{F}{R}=\frac{126}{168}=\frac34}.