题目
5.
A pole has length and weight .
The pole rests with end against a rough vertical wall. One end of a cable of length is attached to the pole at . The other end of the cable is attached to the wall at the point . The point is vertically above and .
The angle between the cable and the wall is , as shown in Figure 2.
The pole is in a vertical plane perpendicular to the wall.
The cable is modelled as a light inextensible string and the pole is modelled as a uniform rod.
Given that
(a) show that the tension in the cable is .
Given also that the pole is in limiting equilibrium,
(b) find the coefficient of friction between the pole and the wall.
题目中文翻译
杆 长 ,重 。
杆的 端靠在粗糙竖直墙上并静止。一条长 的缆绳的一端连接于杆的 点,另一端连接于墙上的 点。 位于 的正上方,且 。
如图 2 所示,缆绳与墙之间的夹角为 。
杆位于垂直于墙面的竖直平面内。
将缆绳视为不可伸长的轻绳,将杆视为均匀杆。
已知 ,
(a) 证明缆绳中的张力为 。
又知杆处于极限平衡状态,
(b) 求杆与墙之间的摩擦系数。
解答
(a)
解法一
思路
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,等腰三角形在 、 的角均为 ,所以杆与竖直向下方向成 。对墙上接触点 取矩,消去支持力及摩擦力。
答题过程
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Since m, triangle is isosceles, with
Therefore the angle between and the downward vertical is .
The rod is uniform, so its weight acts at its midpoint. Taking moments about ,
Using ,
Since , , and hence
(b)
解法一
思路
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竖直墙的支持力是水平方向,摩擦力是竖直方向。张力的竖直分量小于重量,因此摩擦力向上;极限平衡才可以令 。
答题过程
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Let the normal reaction from the wall be , acting horizontally away from the wall, and let the frictional force be upwards.
Resolving horizontally,
Resolving vertically,
so
In limiting equilibrium, . Therefore