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M2 2022 June Q6

A Level / Edexcel / M2

IAL 2022 June Paper · Question 6

题目

Problem

6.

Two particles, PP and QQ, are moving in opposite directions along the same straight line on a smooth horizontal surface so that the particles collide directly. The mass of PP is kmkm and the mass of QQ is mm. Immediately before the collision, the speed of PP is xx and the speed of QQ is yy. Immediately after the collision, PP and QQ are moving in the same direction, the speed of PP is vv and the speed of QQ is 2v2v.

The coefficient of restitution between PP and QQ is 15\frac15

The magnitude of the impulse received by QQ in the collision is 5mv5mv

(a) Find (i) yy in terms of vv

(ii) xx in terms of vv

(iii) the value of kk

(9)

(b) Find, in terms of mm and vv, the total kinetic energy lost in the collision between PP and QQ.

(3)
题目中文翻译

质点 PP、QQ 在光滑水平面上沿同一直线相向运动,并发生正碰。 PP 的质量为 kmkm,QQ 的质量为 mm。 碰撞前瞬间,PP 的速率为 xx,QQ 的速率为 yy。 碰撞后瞬间,PP、QQ 沿同一方向运动,PP 的速率为 vv,QQ 的速率为 2v2v。

PP 与 QQ 之间的恢复系数为 15\frac15。

QQ 在碰撞中受到的冲量大小为 5mv5mv。

(a) 求:

(i) 用 vv 表示的 yy;

(ii) 用 vv 表示的 xx;

(iii) kk 的值。

(9)

(b) 用 mm 和 vv 表示 PP 与 QQ 碰撞中损失的总动能。

(3)

解答

(a)

解法一

思路

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碰前两物体相向,碰后同向。取碰后的共同方向为正,QQ 的碰前速度是 −y-y。先用 QQ 的冲量求 yy,再用恢复系数求 xx,最后由动量守恒求质量比。

答题过程

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Take the common direction after the collision as positive. Since the particles separate with QQ moving faster, take PP initially to the left of QQ. Their velocities before collision are xx and −y-y, and afterwards are vv and 2v2v.

For (i), impulse on QQ gives

5mv=m[2v−(−y)].5mv=m\bigl[2v-(-y)\bigr].

Thus

5v=2v+y,y=3v.5v=2v+y,\qquad\boxed{y=3v}.

For (ii), Newton’s law of restitution gives

2v−v=15(x+y).2v-v=\frac15(x+y).

Hence x+y=5vx+y=5v, and with y=3vy=3v,

x=2v.\boxed{x=2v}.

For (iii), conservation of momentum gives

kmx−my=kmv+m(2v).kmx-my=kmv+m(2v).

Substituting x=2vx=2v and y=3vy=3v and cancelling mvmv,

2k−3=k+2.2k-3=k+2.

Therefore

k=5.\boxed{k=5}.

(b)

解法一

思路

展开

动能使用速率的平方,所以碰前 QQ 的负速度不使其动能变负。分别算系统碰前、碰后动能,再作差。

答题过程

展开

Using k=5k=5, x=2vx=2v and y=3vy=3v, the total kinetic energy before collision is

Kbefore=12(5m)(2v)2+12m(3v)2=292mv2.K_{\mathrm{before}}=\frac12(5m)(2v)^2+\frac12m(3v)^2=\frac{29}{2}mv^2.

The total kinetic energy after collision is

Kafter=12(5m)v2+12m(2v)2=92mv2.K_{\mathrm{after}}=\frac12(5m)v^2+\frac12m(2v)^2=\frac92mv^2.

Therefore the kinetic energy lost is

Kbefore−Kafter=10mv2.\boxed{K_{\mathrm{before}}-K_{\mathrm{after}}=10mv^2}.