题目
6.
Two particles, and , are moving in opposite directions along the same straight line on a smooth horizontal surface so that the particles collide directly. The mass of is and the mass of is . Immediately before the collision, the speed of is and the speed of is . Immediately after the collision, and are moving in the same direction, the speed of is and the speed of is .
The coefficient of restitution between and is
The magnitude of the impulse received by in the collision is
(a) Find (i) in terms of
(ii) in terms of
(iii) the value of
(b) Find, in terms of and , the total kinetic energy lost in the collision between and .
题目中文翻译
质点 、 在光滑水平面上沿同一直线相向运动,并发生正碰。 的质量为 , 的质量为 。 碰撞前瞬间, 的速率为 , 的速率为 。 碰撞后瞬间,、 沿同一方向运动, 的速率为 , 的速率为 。
与 之间的恢复系数为 。
在碰撞中受到的冲量大小为 。
(a) 求:
(i) 用 表示的 ;
(ii) 用 表示的 ;
(iii) 的值。
(b) 用 和 表示 与 碰撞中损失的总动能。
解答
(a)
解法一
思路
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碰前两物体相向,碰后同向。取碰后的共同方向为正, 的碰前速度是 。先用 的冲量求 ,再用恢复系数求 ,最后由动量守恒求质量比。
答题过程
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Take the common direction after the collision as positive. Since the particles separate with moving faster, take initially to the left of . Their velocities before collision are and , and afterwards are and .
For (i), impulse on gives
Thus
For (ii), Newton’s law of restitution gives
Hence , and with ,
For (iii), conservation of momentum gives
Substituting and and cancelling ,
Therefore
(b)
解法一
思路
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动能使用速率的平方,所以碰前 的负速度不使其动能变负。分别算系统碰前、碰后动能,再作差。
答题过程
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Using , and , the total kinetic energy before collision is
The total kinetic energy after collision is
Therefore the kinetic energy lost is