题目
Problem
7.
The template shown in Figure 3 is formed by joining together three separate laminas.
All three laminas lie in the same plane.
- PQUV is a uniform square lamina with sides of length 3a
- URST is a uniform square lamina with sides of length 6a
- QRU is a uniform triangular lamina with UQ=3a, UR=6a and angle QUR=90∘
The mass per unit area of PQUV is k, where k is a constant.
The mass per unit area of URST is k.
The mass per unit area of QRU is 2k.
The distance of the centre of mass of the template from QT is d.
(a) Show that d=1429a
(5)
The template is freely suspended from the point Q and hangs in equilibrium with QR at θ∘ to the downward vertical.
(b) Find the value of θ
(7)
题目中文翻译
图 3 所示的模板由三块独立薄片连接而成。
三块薄片均位于同一平面内。
- PQUV 是边长为 3a 的均匀正方形薄片;
- URST 是边长为 6a 的均匀正方形薄片;
- QRU 是均匀三角形薄片,其中 UQ=3a,UR=6a,且 ∠QUR=90∘。
PQUV 的单位面积质量为 k,其中 k 为常数。
URST 的单位面积质量为 k。
QRU 的单位面积质量为 2k。
模板质心到 QT 的距离为 d。
(a) 证明 d=1429a。
(5)
模板从 Q 点自由悬挂并处于平衡状态,QR 与竖直向下方向成 θ∘ 角。
(b) 求 θ 的值。
(7)
解答
(a)
解法一
思路
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三角形面积只有大正方形的四分之一,但其面密度加倍。先求真实质量比,再以 QT 为轴取矩,小正方形在轴左侧要用负距离。
答题过程
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The masses of the two squares and the triangle are
m1=k(3a)2=9ka2,
m2=k(6a)2=36ka2,
m3=2k(21×3a×6a)=18ka2.
Measure horizontal distances to the right from QT. The centroid distances of PQUV, URST and QRU are respectively
−23a,3a,36a=2a.
Taking moments about QT and cancelling ka2,
63d=9(−23a)+36(3a)+18(2a).
Thus
63d=(−227+108+36)a=2261a,
and therefore
d=1429a.
(b)
解法一
思路
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还须求质心在原图中距 PQ 向下的距离。悬挂时 QG 竖直向下,所求角是 QR 与 QG 的夹角;两者在原图中相对于 QT 的角度相减即可。
答题过程
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Let G be the centre of mass. Measure vertical distances downwards from the horizontal line PQ, and let the centroid distance be z.
The centroid distances for PQUV, URST and QRU are respectively
23a,3a+3a=6a,2a.
Taking moments about PQ,
63z=9(23a)+36(6a)+18(2a).
Hence
z=1459a.
The angle ϕ between QT and QG therefore satisfies
tanϕ=zd=5929.
In right-angled triangle QUR, the angle γ between QT and QR satisfies
tanγ=QUUR=2.
When the template is suspended from Q, QG is vertically downwards.
Since QG is between QT and QR,
θ=γ−ϕ=tan−12−tan−15929.
Thus
θ=37.3∘.