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M2 2022 June Q8

A Level / Edexcel / M2

IAL 2022 June Paper · Question 8

题目

Problem

8.

Figure 4 shows a rough ramp fixed to horizontal ground.

The ramp is inclined at angle α\alpha to the ground, where tan⁡α=16\tan\alpha=\frac16

The point AA is on the ground at the bottom of the ramp. The point BB is at the top of the ramp. The line ABAB is a line of greatest slope of the ramp and AB=4 mAB=4\,\mathrm{m}.

A particle PP of mass 3 kg3\,\mathrm{kg} is projected with speed U m s−1U\,\mathrm{m\,s^{-1}} from AA directly towards BB.

The coefficient of friction between the particle and the ramp is 34\frac34

(a) Find the work done against friction as PP moves from AA to BB.

(4)

Given that at the instant PP reaches the point BB, the speed of PP is 5 m s−15\,\mathrm{m\,s^{-1}}

(b) use the work-energy principle to find the value of UU.

(4)

The particle leaves the ramp at BB, and moves freely under gravity until it hits the ground at the point CC.

(c) Find the horizontal distance from BB to CC.

(6)
题目中文翻译

图 4 所示的粗糙斜坡固定于水平地面上。

斜坡与地面成 α\alpha 角,其中 tan⁡α=16\tan\alpha=\frac16。

AA 点位于坡底的地面上。 BB 点位于坡顶。 ABAB 是斜坡的一条最大坡度线,且 AB=4 mAB=4\,\mathrm{m}。

质量为 3 kg3\,\mathrm{kg} 的质点 PP 从 AA 点以速率 U m s−1U\,\mathrm{m\,s^{-1}} 沿直接指向 BB 的方向发射。

质点与斜坡之间的摩擦系数为 34\frac34。

(a) 求 PP 从 AA 运动至 BB 时克服摩擦力所做的功。

(4)

已知 PP 到达 BB 点的瞬间的速率为 5 m s−15\,\mathrm{m\,s^{-1}},

(b) 利用功—能原理求 UU 的值。

(4)

质点从 BB 点离开斜坡,随后仅在重力作用下自由运动,直至在 CC 点落地。

(c) 求 BB 到 CC 的水平距离。

(6)

解答

(a)

解法一

思路

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由正切求正弦和余弦,分母是 37\sqrt{37}。摩擦耗能用沿坡路程 44 米,不是水平投影。

答题过程

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Since tan⁡α=1/6\tan\alpha=1/6,

sin⁡α=137,cos⁡α=637.\sin\alpha=\frac1{\sqrt{37}},\qquad\cos\alpha=\frac6{\sqrt{37}}.

Resolving perpendicular to the ramp, the normal reaction is

R=3gcos⁡α=18g37.R=3g\cos\alpha=\frac{18g}{\sqrt{37}}.

The frictional force is

F=34R=27g237.F=\frac34R=\frac{27g}{2\sqrt{37}}.

Thus the work done against friction is

W=F(4)=54g37.W=F(4)=\frac{54g}{\sqrt{37}}.

With g=9.8g=9.8,

W=87.0 J.\boxed{W=87.0\text{ J}}.

(b)

解法一

思路

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初动能减去摩擦耗能和增加的势能,等于坡顶动能。使用上一问未舍入的耗能,避免过早近似。

答题过程

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The gain in height from AA to BB is

4sin⁡α=437.4\sin\alpha=\frac4{\sqrt{37}}.

By the work-energy principle,

12(3)U2−54g37−3g(437)=12(3)(5)2.\frac12(3)U^2-\frac{54g}{\sqrt{37}}-3g\left(\frac4{\sqrt{37}}\right)=\frac12(3)(5)^2.

Hence

32U2=752+66g37,\frac32U^2=\frac{75}{2}+\frac{66g}{\sqrt{37}},

so

U=25+44g37.U=\sqrt{25+\frac{44g}{\sqrt{37}}}.

Therefore

U=9.79 m s−1.\boxed{U=9.79\text{ m s}^{-1}}.

(c)

解法一

思路

展开

离坡时速率是 55,方向沿坡向上,不是水平抛出。以 BB 为竖直位移零点,落地位移为负的坡顶高度。所求只是在 BB、CC 之间的水平位移。

答题过程

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After leaving BB, the initial horizontal and upward vertical velocity components are

ux=5cos⁡α=3037,uy=5sin⁡α=537.u_x=5\cos\alpha=\frac{30}{\sqrt{37}},\qquad u_y=5\sin\alpha=\frac5{\sqrt{37}}.

Let the flight time from BB to CC be tt. The vertical displacement is −4/37-4/\sqrt{37} m, so

−437=537t−12gt2.-\frac4{\sqrt{37}}=\frac5{\sqrt{37}}t-\frac12gt^2.

Thus

4.937 t2−5t−4=0.4.9\sqrt{37}\,t^2-5t-4=0.

The positive root is

t=5+25+4(4.937)(4)2(4.937).t=\frac{5+\sqrt{25+4(4.9\sqrt{37})(4)}}{2(4.9\sqrt{37})}.

The horizontal distance from BB to CC is

D=uxt=3037t.D=u_xt=\frac{30}{\sqrt{37}}t.

Using the unrounded positive root gives

D=2.27 m.\boxed{D=2.27\text{ m}}.