A uniform rod AB has length 8a and weight W.
The end A of the rod is freely hinged to horizontal ground.
The rod rests in equilibrium against a block which is also fixed to the ground.
The block is modelled as a smooth solid hemisphere with radius 2a and centre D.
The point of contact between the rod and the block is C, where AC=5a
The rod is at an angle θ to the ground, as shown in Figure 1.
Points A, B, C and D all lie in the same vertical plane.
(a) Show that AD=29a
(1)
(b) Show that the magnitude of the normal reaction at C between the rod and the block is 294W
(3)
The resultant force acting on the rod at A has magnitude kW and acts at an angle α to the ground.
(c) Find (i) the exact value of k
(ii) the exact value of tanα
(8)
题目中文翻译
均匀杆 AB 长 8a,重 W。
杆的 A 端通过自由铰链连接于水平地面。
杆靠在同样固定于地面的物块上,处于平衡状态。
将物块视为半径为 2a、球心为 D 的光滑实心半球。
杆与物块的接触点为 C,其中 AC=5a。
如图 1 所示,杆与地面成 θ 角。
A、B、C、D 各点均位于同一竖直平面内。
(a) 证明 AD=29a。
(1)
(b) 证明杆与物块在 C 点之间的法向反作用力大小为 294W。
(3)
杆在 A 点所受合力大小为 kW,与地面成 α 角。
(c) 求:
(i) k 的精确值;
(ii) tanα 的精确值。
(8)
解答
(a)
解法一
思路
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杆与半球截面相切,接触半径垂直于杆,因此 ACD 是直角三角形。
答题过程
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Since the rod is tangent to the circular cross-section at C, DC⊥AC. By Pythagoras in triangle ACD,
AD=AC2+CD2=(5a)2+(2a)2.
Therefore
AD=29a.
(b)
解法一
思路
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光滑接触反力沿半径,垂直于杆。以铰链 A 为取矩点可消去铰链反力;杆重心在距 A 为 4a 的中点。
答题过程
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From the right-angled triangle,
cosθ=295,sinθ=292.
Let the normal reaction at C have magnitude N. Taking moments about A,
Let the hinge force have components H horizontally to the right and V vertically upwards. The reaction at C acts upwards and to the left, perpendicular to the rod.