Skip to content
CalcGospel 國際數學圖譜
返回

M2 2022 Oct Q7

A Level / Edexcel / M2

IAL 2022 Oct Paper · Question 7

题目

Problem

7.

Particle AA has mass mm and particle BB has mass 2m2m. The particles are moving in the same direction along the same straight line on a smooth horizontal surface. Particle AA collides directly with particle BB. Immediately before the collision, the speed of AA is 3u3u and the speed of BB is uu. The coefficient of restitution between AA and BB is ee.

(a) (i) Show that the speed of BB immediately after the collision is 5+2e3u\frac{5+2e}{3}u

(ii) Find the speed of AA immediately after the collision.

(7)

After the collision, BB hits a smooth fixed vertical wall that is perpendicular to the direction of motion of BB.

The coefficient of restitution between BB and the wall is 13\frac13

Particle BB rebounds and there is a second collision between AA and BB. The first collision between AA and BB occurs at a distance dd from the wall. The time between the two collisions is TT.

Given that e=12e=\frac12

(b) find TT in terms of dd and uu.

(6)
题目中文翻译

质点 AA 的质量为 mm,质点 BB 的质量为 2m2m。 两质点在光滑水平面上沿同一直线同向运动。 质点 AA 与质点 BB 发生正碰。 碰撞前瞬间,AA 的速率为 3u3u,BB 的速率为 uu。 AA 与 BB 之间的恢复系数为 ee。

(a) (i) 证明碰撞后瞬间 BB 的速率为 5+2e3u\frac{5+2e}{3}u。

(ii) 求碰撞后瞬间 AA 的速率。

(7)

碰撞后,BB 撞上垂直于其运动方向的光滑固定竖直墙。

BB 与墙之间的恢复系数为 13\frac13。

质点 BB 反弹,随后 AA、BB 发生第二次碰撞。 AA、BB 第一次碰撞的位置距墙 dd。 两次碰撞之间的时间为 TT。

已知 e=12e=\frac12,

(b) 用 dd 和 uu 表示 TT。

(6)

解答

(a)(i)

解法一

思路

展开

碰前两球同向,接近速率是 3u−u3u-u,不是两速率相加。取共同初始方向为正,联立动量守恒与恢复系数方程。

答题过程

展开

Take the initial direction of motion as positive. Let the velocities after the first collision be vAv_A and vBv_B.

Conservation of momentum gives

m(3u)+2m(u)=mvA+2mvB,m(3u)+2m(u)=mv_A+2mv_B,

so

5u=vA+2vB.5u=v_A+2v_B.

Newton’s law of restitution gives

vB−vA=e(3u−u)=2eu.v_B-v_A=e(3u-u)=2eu.

Hence vA=vB−2euv_A=v_B-2eu. Substituting,

5u=3vB−2eu,5u=3v_B-2eu,

and therefore

vB=5+2e3u.v_B=\frac{5+2e}{3}u.

This is positive, so the speed of BB is

5+2e3u.\boxed{\frac{5+2e}{3}u}.

(a)(ii)

解法一

思路

展开

把 BB 的速度代回恢复系数方程,并检查 AA 的有符号速度是否为正。

答题过程

展开

Using vA=vB−2euv_A=v_B-2eu,

vA=5+2e3u−2eu=5−4e3u.v_A=\frac{5+2e}{3}u-2eu=\frac{5-4e}{3}u.

Since 0≤e≤10\le e\le1, this is positive. Therefore the speed of AA is

5−4e3u.\boxed{\frac{5-4e}{3}u}.

(b)

解法一

思路

展开

先算 BB 撞墙前所用时间,以及这段时间内 AA 走过的距离。反弹后两球相向,用当时的间距除以接近速率,再加上第一段时间。

答题过程

展开

With e=1/2e=1/2, the speeds after the first collision are

vA=u,vB=2u.v_A=u,\qquad v_B=2u.

The time for BB to reach the wall is

t1=d2u.t_1=\frac d{2u}.

During this time AA travels ut1=d/2ut_1=d/2, so the gap between AA and the wall is d/2d/2 when BB hits it.

After rebounding, the speed of BB is

13(2u)=2u3,\frac13(2u)=\frac{2u}{3},

directed towards AA. Their approach speed is u+2u/3=5u/3u+2u/3=5u/3. Thus the further time to collision is

t2=d/25u/3=3d10u.t_2=\frac{d/2}{5u/3}=\frac{3d}{10u}.

Therefore

T=t1+t2=d2u+3d10u,T=t_1+t_2=\frac d{2u}+\frac{3d}{10u},

and hence

T=4d5u.\boxed{T=\frac{4d}{5u}}.

解法二

思路

展开

也可把两次碰撞间的总时间直接设为 TT。AA 的路程为 uTuT,BB 撞墙后的路程为 d−uTd-uT;把 BB 的两段时间相加即可。

答题过程

展开

For e=1/2e=1/2, AA moves at speed uu throughout the interval between the collisions, while BB moves towards the wall at speed 2u2u and rebounds at speed 2u/32u/3.

In total time TT, AA travels uTuT. Hence the second collision occurs at distance d−uTd-uT from the wall. For BB,

T=d2u+d−uT2u/3.T=\frac d{2u}+\frac{d-uT}{2u/3}.

Multiplying by 2u2u,

2uT=d+3(d−uT).2uT=d+3(d-uT).

Thus

5uT=4d,T=4d5u.5uT=4d,\qquad\boxed{T=\frac{4d}{5u}}.

This gives uT=4d/5<duT=4d/5<d, consistent with the collision occurring before AA reaches the wall.