题目
7.
Particle has mass and particle has mass . The particles are moving in the same direction along the same straight line on a smooth horizontal surface. Particle collides directly with particle . Immediately before the collision, the speed of is and the speed of is . The coefficient of restitution between and is .
(a) (i) Show that the speed of immediately after the collision is
(ii) Find the speed of immediately after the collision.
After the collision, hits a smooth fixed vertical wall that is perpendicular to the direction of motion of .
The coefficient of restitution between and the wall is
Particle rebounds and there is a second collision between and . The first collision between and occurs at a distance from the wall. The time between the two collisions is .
Given that
(b) find in terms of and .
题目中文翻译
质点 的质量为 ,质点 的质量为 。 两质点在光滑水平面上沿同一直线同向运动。 质点 与质点 发生正碰。 碰撞前瞬间, 的速率为 , 的速率为 。 与 之间的恢复系数为 。
(a) (i) 证明碰撞后瞬间 的速率为 。
(ii) 求碰撞后瞬间 的速率。
碰撞后, 撞上垂直于其运动方向的光滑固定竖直墙。
与墙之间的恢复系数为 。
质点 反弹,随后 、 发生第二次碰撞。 、 第一次碰撞的位置距墙 。 两次碰撞之间的时间为 。
已知 ,
(b) 用 和 表示 。
解答
(a)(i)
解法一
思路
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碰前两球同向,接近速率是 ,不是两速率相加。取共同初始方向为正,联立动量守恒与恢复系数方程。
答题过程
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Take the initial direction of motion as positive. Let the velocities after the first collision be and .
Conservation of momentum gives
so
Newton’s law of restitution gives
Hence . Substituting,
and therefore
This is positive, so the speed of is
(a)(ii)
解法一
思路
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把 的速度代回恢复系数方程,并检查 的有符号速度是否为正。
答题过程
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Using ,
Since , this is positive. Therefore the speed of is
(b)
解法一
思路
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先算 撞墙前所用时间,以及这段时间内 走过的距离。反弹后两球相向,用当时的间距除以接近速率,再加上第一段时间。
答题过程
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With , the speeds after the first collision are
The time for to reach the wall is
During this time travels , so the gap between and the wall is when hits it.
After rebounding, the speed of is
directed towards . Their approach speed is . Thus the further time to collision is
Therefore
and hence
解法二
思路
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也可把两次碰撞间的总时间直接设为 。 的路程为 , 撞墙后的路程为 ;把 的两段时间相加即可。
答题过程
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For , moves at speed throughout the interval between the collisions, while moves towards the wall at speed and rebounds at speed .
In total time , travels . Hence the second collision occurs at distance from the wall. For ,
Multiplying by ,
Thus
This gives , consistent with the collision occurring before reaches the wall.