题目
Problem
1.
A truck of mass 1500kg is moving on a straight horizontal road.
The engine of the truck is working at a constant rate of 30kW.
The resistance to the motion of the truck is modelled as a constant force of magnitude R newtons.
At the instant when the truck is moving at a speed of 20ms−1, the acceleration of the truck is 0.6ms−2
(a) Find the value of R.
(4)
Later on, the truck is moving up a straight road that is inclined at an angle α to the horizontal, where sinα=81
The resistance to the motion of the truck from non-gravitational forces is modelled as a constant force of magnitude 500N.
The engine of the truck is again working at a constant rate of 30kW.
At the instant when the speed of the truck is Vms−1, the deceleration of the truck is 0.2ms−2
(b) Find the value of V
(4)
题目中文翻译
质量为 1500kg 的卡车沿水平直路行驶。
卡车发动机以恒定功率 30kW 工作。
将卡车所受的运动阻力视为大小为 R 牛顿的恒力。
在卡车速率为 20ms−1 的瞬间,其加速度为 0.6ms−2。
(a) 求 R 的值。
(4)
后来,卡车沿一条与水平面成 α 角的直路上坡,其中 sinα=81。
将卡车所受的非重力运动阻力视为大小为 500N 的恒力。
卡车发动机仍以恒定功率 30kW 工作。
在卡车速率为 Vms−1 的瞬间,其减速度大小为 0.2ms−2。
(b) 求 V 的值。
(4)
解答
(a)
解法一
思路
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用功率除以瞬时速率求牵引力,再减去用于产生加速度的合力,得到阻力。先把千瓦换成瓦。
答题过程
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The driving force at 20 m s−1 is
F=2030000=1500 N.
Resolving in the direction of motion,
F−R=1500(0.6).
Hence
1500−R=900,R=600 N.
(b)
解法一
思路
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这段路的非重力阻力明确改为 500,不能沿用上一问的 600。取上坡为正,减速时加速度为负,重力沿坡分量与运动反向。
答题过程
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Taking up the slope as positive, the acceleration is −0.2 m s−2. Therefore
V30000−1500g(81)−500=1500(−0.2).
Using g=9.8,
V30000=1837.5+500−300=2037.5.
Thus
V=2037.530000,
and hence
V=14.7 m s−1.