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M2 2023 Jan Q3

A Level / Edexcel / M2

IAL 2023 Jan Paper · Question 3

题目

Problem

3.

The uniform lamina ABDEABDE is in the shape of a rectangle with AB=8aAB=8a and BD=6aBD=6a. The triangle BCDBCD is isosceles and has base 6a6a and perpendicular height 6a6a. The template ABCDEABCDE, shown shaded in Figure 1, is formed by removing the triangular lamina BCDBCD from the lamina ABDEABDE.

(a) Show that the centre of mass of the template is 145a\frac{14}{5}a from AEAE.

(5)

The template is freely suspended from AA and hangs in equilibrium with ABAB at an angle of θ∘\theta^\circ to the downward vertical.

(b) Find the value of θ\theta, giving your answer to the nearest whole number.

(3)
题目中文翻译

均匀薄片 ABDEABDE 为长方形,AB=8aAB=8a,BD=6aBD=6a。 三角形 BCDBCD 为等腰三角形,底边长 6a6a,对应的高为 6a6a。 图 1 阴影所示的模板 ABCDEABCDE,由薄片 ABDEABDE 挖去三角形薄片 BCDBCD 得到。

(a) 证明模板的质心到 AEAE 的距离为 145a\frac{14}{5}a。

(5)

模板从 AA 点自由悬挂并处于平衡状态,ABAB 与竖直向下方向成 θ∘\theta^\circ 角。

(b) 求 θ\theta 的值,答案取最接近的整数。

(3)

解答

(a)

解法一

思路

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用长方形面积矩减去挖去三角形的面积矩。等腰三角形重心距底边为高的三分之一,因此距 AEAE 为 8a−2a8a-2a。

答题过程

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The rectangle has area 48a248a^2 and its centroid is 4a4a from AEAE.

The removed triangle has area

12(6a)(6a)=18a2.\frac12(6a)(6a)=18a^2.

Its centroid is one-third of its perpendicular height from the base BDBD, so its distance from AEAE is

8a−6a3=6a.8a-\frac{6a}{3}=6a.

Let xˉ\bar x be the template’s centroid distance from AEAE. Taking moments of areas about AEAE,

(48a2−18a2)xˉ=48a2(4a)−18a2(6a).(48a^2-18a^2)\bar x=48a^2(4a)-18a^2(6a).

Thus

30a2xˉ=84a3,30a^2\bar x=84a^3,

and hence

xˉ=145a.\boxed{\bar x=\frac{14}{5}a}.

(b)

解法一

思路

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模板关于长方形的水平中线对称,所以质心距 ABAB 为 3a3a。悬挂后 AGAG 竖直向下,所求角就是 ABAB 与 AGAG 的夹角,不要取它的余角。

答题过程

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By symmetry, the centre of mass GG is 3a3a below ABAB in Figure 1. Its horizontal distance from AA is 14a/514a/5.

When the template is freely suspended from AA, AGAG is vertically downwards. Hence

tan⁡θ=3a14a/5=1514.\tan\theta=\frac{3a}{14a/5}=\frac{15}{14}.

Therefore, to the nearest whole number,

θ=47∘.\boxed{\theta=47^\circ}.