题目
3.
The uniform lamina is in the shape of a rectangle with and . The triangle is isosceles and has base and perpendicular height . The template , shown shaded in Figure 1, is formed by removing the triangular lamina from the lamina .
(a) Show that the centre of mass of the template is from .
The template is freely suspended from and hangs in equilibrium with at an angle of to the downward vertical.
(b) Find the value of , giving your answer to the nearest whole number.
题目中文翻译
均匀薄片 为长方形,,。 三角形 为等腰三角形,底边长 ,对应的高为 。 图 1 阴影所示的模板 ,由薄片 挖去三角形薄片 得到。
(a) 证明模板的质心到 的距离为 。
模板从 点自由悬挂并处于平衡状态, 与竖直向下方向成 角。
(b) 求 的值,答案取最接近的整数。
解答
(a)
解法一
思路
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用长方形面积矩减去挖去三角形的面积矩。等腰三角形重心距底边为高的三分之一,因此距 为 。
答题过程
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The rectangle has area and its centroid is from .
The removed triangle has area
Its centroid is one-third of its perpendicular height from the base , so its distance from is
Let be the template’s centroid distance from . Taking moments of areas about ,
Thus
and hence
(b)
解法一
思路
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模板关于长方形的水平中线对称,所以质心距 为 。悬挂后 竖直向下,所求角就是 与 的夹角,不要取它的余角。
答题过程
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By symmetry, the centre of mass is below in Figure 1. Its horizontal distance from is .
When the template is freely suspended from , is vertically downwards. Hence
Therefore, to the nearest whole number,