题目
6.
A uniform pole , of weight and length , has a particle of weight newtons attached at its end . The pole has its end freely hinged to a vertical wall. A light rod holds the particle and pole in equilibrium with the pole at to the wall. One end of the light rod is attached to the pole at , where . The other end of the light rod is attached to the wall at the point . The point is vertically below with , as shown in Figure 3.
The pole and the light rod lie in a vertical plane which is perpendicular to the wall.
The pole is modelled as a rod.
Given that the thrust in the light rod is ,
(a) show that
(b) find the magnitude of the resultant force acting on the pole at .
题目中文翻译
长为 、重为 的均匀杆 ,其 端连接一个重为 牛顿的质点。杆的 端通过自由铰链连接于竖直墙。 一根轻杆使质点与杆 保持平衡,且杆 与墙成 角。 轻杆的一端连接于杆 上的 点,其中 。 轻杆的另一端连接于墙上的 点。 如图 3 所示, 位于 的正下方,且 。
杆 与轻杆均位于垂直于墙面的竖直平面内。
将杆 视为细杆。
已知轻杆中的推力为 ,
(a) 证明 ;
(b) 求杆 在 点所受合力的大小。
解答
(a)
解法一
思路
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轻杆受压,对主杆在 处的力沿 向右上方。由等腰三角形先确定它与主杆的夹角,再对铰链取矩。两处给的是重量,不要再乘 。
答题过程
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The pole is at above the horizontal. Since m and , the base angles of triangle are
The thrust N acts along away from . Its moment about has magnitude .
Taking moments about ,
Thus
Therefore
(b)
解法一
思路
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推力的向上分量大于两项重量之和,所以铰链竖直分量向下,而不是向上。水平分量向左;求合力大小时把这两个互相垂直的分量合成。
答题过程
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The light rod is at above the horizontal. Let the hinge force on the pole have horizontal component to the left and vertical component downwards.
Resolving horizontally,
Resolving vertically,
Thus
The resultant hinge force has magnitude
Hence
解法二
思路
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把两个竖直向下的重量合并为 牛顿。铰链反力恰好平衡推力与合并重量的向量和,因此可用力三角形的余弦定理求其大小。
答题过程
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The two weights combine to give a vertical downward force of 65 N. The thrust has magnitude N and is at to the upward vertical.
The hinge force balances the vector sum of these forces. A head-to-tail force triangle gives the required magnitude .
By the cosine rule,
Substituting ,
Thus