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M2 2023 Jan Q6

A Level / Edexcel / M2

IAL 2023 Jan Paper · Question 6

题目

Problem

6.

A uniform pole ABAB, of weight 50 N50\,\mathrm{N} and length 6 m6\,\mathrm{m}, has a particle of weight WW newtons attached at its end BB. The pole has its end AA freely hinged to a vertical wall. A light rod holds the particle and pole in equilibrium with the pole at 60∘60^\circ to the wall. One end of the light rod is attached to the pole at CC, where AC=4 mAC=4\,\mathrm{m}. The other end of the light rod is attached to the wall at the point DD. The point DD is vertically below AA with AD=4 mAD=4\,\mathrm{m}, as shown in Figure 3.

The pole and the light rod lie in a vertical plane which is perpendicular to the wall.

The pole is modelled as a rod.

Given that the thrust in the light rod is 603 N60\sqrt3\,\mathrm{N},

(a) show that W=15W=15

(4)

(b) find the magnitude of the resultant force acting on the pole at AA.

(6)
题目中文翻译

长为 6 m6\,\mathrm{m}、重为 50 N50\,\mathrm{N} 的均匀杆 ABAB,其 BB 端连接一个重为 WW 牛顿的质点。杆的 AA 端通过自由铰链连接于竖直墙。 一根轻杆使质点与杆 ABAB 保持平衡,且杆 ABAB 与墙成 60∘60^\circ 角。 轻杆的一端连接于杆 ABAB 上的 CC 点,其中 AC=4 mAC=4\,\mathrm{m}。 轻杆的另一端连接于墙上的 DD 点。 如图 3 所示,DD 位于 AA 的正下方,且 AD=4 mAD=4\,\mathrm{m}。

杆 ABAB 与轻杆均位于垂直于墙面的竖直平面内。

将杆 ABAB 视为细杆。

已知轻杆中的推力为 603 N60\sqrt3\,\mathrm{N},

(a) 证明 W=15W=15;

(4)

(b) 求杆 ABAB 在 AA 点所受合力的大小。

(6)

解答

(a)

解法一

思路

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轻杆受压,对主杆在 CC 处的力沿 DCDC 向右上方。由等腰三角形先确定它与主杆的夹角,再对铰链取矩。两处给的是重量,不要再乘 gg。

答题过程

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The pole is at 30∘30^\circ above the horizontal. Since AC=AD=4AC=AD=4 m and ∠CAD=120∘\angle CAD=120^\circ, the base angles of triangle ACDACD are

∠ACD=∠CDA=30∘.\angle ACD=\angle CDA=30^\circ.

The thrust T=603T=60\sqrt3 N acts along DCDC away from DD. Its moment about AA has magnitude T(4sin⁡30∘)T(4\sin30^\circ).

Taking moments about AA,

50(3cos⁡30∘)+W(6cos⁡30∘)=603(4sin⁡30∘).50(3\cos30^\circ)+W(6\cos30^\circ)=60\sqrt3(4\sin30^\circ).

Thus

753+33W=1203.75\sqrt3+3\sqrt3W=120\sqrt3.

Therefore

W=15 N.\boxed{W=15\text{ N}}.

(b)

解法一

思路

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推力的向上分量大于两项重量之和,所以铰链竖直分量向下,而不是向上。水平分量向左;求合力大小时把这两个互相垂直的分量合成。

答题过程

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The light rod DCDC is at 60∘60^\circ above the horizontal. Let the hinge force on the pole have horizontal component HH to the left and vertical component VV downwards.

Resolving horizontally,

H=Tcos⁡60∘=603(12)=303 N.H=T\cos60^\circ=60\sqrt3\left(\frac12\right)=30\sqrt3\text{ N}.

Resolving vertically,

Tsin⁡60∘=50+15+V.T\sin60^\circ=50+15+V.

Thus

V=603(32)−65=25 N.V=60\sqrt3\left(\frac{\sqrt3}{2}\right)-65=25\text{ N}.

The resultant hinge force has magnitude

R=H2+V2=(303)2+252.R=\sqrt{H^2+V^2}=\sqrt{(30\sqrt3)^2+25^2}.

Hence

R=5133 N.\boxed{R=5\sqrt{133}\text{ N}}.

解法二

思路

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把两个竖直向下的重量合并为 6565 牛顿。铰链反力恰好平衡推力与合并重量的向量和,因此可用力三角形的余弦定理求其大小。

答题过程

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The two weights combine to give a vertical downward force of 65 N. The thrust has magnitude T=603T=60\sqrt3 N and is at 30∘30^\circ to the upward vertical.

The hinge force balances the vector sum of these forces. A head-to-tail force triangle gives the required magnitude RR.

By the cosine rule,

R2=T2+652−2T(65)cos⁡30∘.R^2=T^2+65^2-2T(65)\cos30^\circ.

Substituting T=603T=60\sqrt3,

R2=10800+4225−11700=3325.R^2=10800+4225-11700=3325.

Thus

R=5133 N.\boxed{R=5\sqrt{133}\text{ N}}.