题目
7.
Particle has mass and particle has mass . The particles are moving towards each other on the same straight line on a smooth horizontal surface. The particles collide directly. Immediately before the collision, the speed of is and the speed of is . Immediately after the collision, the speed of is and the speed of is .
The direction of motion of is unchanged by the collision.
(a) Show that
(b) Find, in terms of and , the magnitude of the impulse received by in the collision.
The coefficient of restitution between and is . Given that
(c) find the range of possible values of .
题目中文翻译
质点 的质量为 ,质点 的质量为 。两质点在光滑水平面上沿同一直线相向运动。 两质点发生正碰。 碰撞前瞬间, 的速率为 , 的速率为 。 碰撞后瞬间, 的速率为 , 的速率为 。
碰撞没有改变 的运动方向。
(a) 证明 。
(b) 用 和 表示 在碰撞中受到的冲量大小。
与 之间的恢复系数为 。 已知 ,
(c) 求 的可能取值范围。
解答
(a)
解法一
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取 碰前方向为正, 的碰前速度是 。碰后 仍向正方向运动;为了分离,位于前方的 也须向正方向且不比 慢。
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Take the initial direction of as positive. Its velocity changes from to . Since is ahead of after contact and the particles must separate, its final velocity is in the same positive direction, with speed .
Conservation of momentum gives
Hence
and therefore
(b)
解法一
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直接用 的已知初末速度求冲量最简便。根据作用力与反作用力,两质点受到的冲量大小相等。
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The signed impulse on is
The impulse on is equal in magnitude and opposite in direction. Therefore its magnitude is
(c)
解法一
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分离速率为 ,接近速率为 。恢复系数介于零和一之间,结合 排除零恢复系数;两个不等式分别给质量比的上下界。
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Newton’s law of restitution gives
Since and the particles separate, . Using (a),
The masses are positive, so .
From ,
From ,
Therefore