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M2 2023 Jan Q7

A Level / Edexcel / M2

IAL 2023 Jan Paper · Question 7

题目

Problem

7.

Particle PP has mass 3m3m and particle QQ has mass kmkm. The particles are moving towards each other on the same straight line on a smooth horizontal surface. The particles collide directly. Immediately before the collision, the speed of PP is 2u2u and the speed of QQ is 3u3u. Immediately after the collision, the speed of PP is uu and the speed of QQ is vv.

The direction of motion of PP is unchanged by the collision.

(a) Show that v=3−3kkuv=\frac{3-3k}{k}u

(3)

(b) Find, in terms of mm and uu, the magnitude of the impulse received by QQ in the collision.

(2)

The coefficient of restitution between PP and QQ is ee. Given that v≠uv\neq u

(c) find the range of possible values of kk.

(5)
题目中文翻译

质点 PP 的质量为 3m3m,质点 QQ 的质量为 kmkm。两质点在光滑水平面上沿同一直线相向运动。 两质点发生正碰。 碰撞前瞬间,PP 的速率为 2u2u,QQ 的速率为 3u3u。 碰撞后瞬间,PP 的速率为 uu,QQ 的速率为 vv。

碰撞没有改变 PP 的运动方向。

(a) 证明 v=3−3kkuv=\frac{3-3k}{k}u。

(3)

(b) 用 mm 和 uu 表示 QQ 在碰撞中受到的冲量大小。

(2)

PP 与 QQ 之间的恢复系数为 ee。 已知 v≠uv\neq u,

(c) 求 kk 的可能取值范围。

(5)

解答

(a)

解法一

思路

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取 PP 碰前方向为正,QQ 的碰前速度是 −3u-3u。碰后 PP 仍向正方向运动;为了分离,位于前方的 QQ 也须向正方向且不比 PP 慢。

答题过程

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Take the initial direction of PP as positive. Its velocity changes from 2u2u to uu. Since QQ is ahead of PP after contact and the particles must separate, its final velocity is in the same positive direction, with speed vv.

Conservation of momentum gives

3m(2u)+km(−3u)=3m(u)+kmv.3m(2u)+km(-3u)=3m(u)+kmv.

Hence

(3−3k)mu=kmv,(3-3k)mu=kmv,

and therefore

v=3−3kku.\boxed{v=\frac{3-3k}{k}u}.

(b)

解法一

思路

展开

直接用 PP 的已知初末速度求冲量最简便。根据作用力与反作用力,两质点受到的冲量大小相等。

答题过程

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The signed impulse on PP is

IP=3m(u−2u)=−3mu.I_P=3m(u-2u)=-3mu.

The impulse on QQ is equal in magnitude and opposite in direction. Therefore its magnitude is

∣IQ∣=3mu.\boxed{|I_Q|=3mu}.

(c)

解法一

思路

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分离速率为 v−uv-u,接近速率为 5u5u。恢复系数介于零和一之间,结合 v≠uv\ne u 排除零恢复系数;两个不等式分别给质量比的上下界。

答题过程

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Newton’s law of restitution gives

e=v−u2u−(−3u)=v−u5u.e=\frac{v-u}{2u-(-3u)}=\frac{v-u}{5u}.

Since v≠uv\ne u and the particles separate, e>0e>0. Using (a),

e=(3−3k)/k−15=3−4k5k.e=\frac{(3-3k)/k-1}{5}=\frac{3-4k}{5k}.

The masses are positive, so k>0k>0.

From e>0e>0,

3−4k>0,k<34.3-4k>0,\qquad k<\frac34.

From e≤1e\le1,

3−4k≤5k,k≥13.3-4k\le5k,\qquad k\ge\frac13.

Therefore

13≤k<34.\boxed{\frac13\le k<\frac34}.