题目
4.
A particle of mass and a particle of mass are moving towards each other along the same straight line on a smooth horizontal surface. The particles collide directly.
Immediately before the collision, the speed of is and the speed of is .
Immediately after the collision, the speed of is and the speed of is .
The direction of motion of each particle is reversed by the collision.
In the collision, receives an impulse of magnitude .
(a) Show that .
(b) Find the value of .
The coefficient of restitution between and is .
(c) Find the value of .
The total kinetic energy lost in the collision is
(d) Find the value of .
题目中文翻译
质量为 的质点 与质量为 的质点 ,在光滑水平面上沿同一直线相向运动,发生正碰。
碰撞前瞬间, 的速率为 , 的速率为 。
碰撞后瞬间, 的速率为 , 的速率为 。
碰撞使每个质点的运动方向均反转。
碰撞中, 受到大小为 的冲量。
(a) 证明 。
(b) 求 的值。
与 之间的恢复系数为 。
(c) 求 的值。
碰撞中损失的总动能为 。
(d) 求 的值。
解答
(a)
解法一
思路
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反向,速度变化的大小为碰前、碰后速率之和。统一取 碰前方向为正,先写有符号冲量,再取大小。
答题过程
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Take the initial direction of as positive. Its velocity changes from to , so its signed impulse is
The magnitude is given as . Therefore
Cancelling ,
and hence
(b)
解法一
思路
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两物体受到的冲量大小相等。 碰前速度为 ,碰后为 ,代入冲量关系后利用上一问。
答题过程
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The impulse on has magnitude in the positive direction. Thus
Hence
Using ,
so
(c)
解法一
思路
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碰前接近速率和碰后分离速率都要用两速率之和,因为两物体在这两个阶段分别相向和背向运动。
答题过程
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The approach speed is . The separation speed is . Therefore
With and ,
Hence
(d)
解法一
思路
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动能使用速率平方。把两物体碰前、碰后的四项都写出,再相减;最后题目要的是系数 。
答题过程
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Using and , the kinetic energy before collision is
After collision it is
Thus the loss is
Comparing with gives