题目
2.
Figure 1 shows a template where
- is a uniform square lamina with sides of length
- is a uniform square lamina with sides of length
- is a uniform square lamina with sides of length
- the three squares all lie in the same plane
- the mass per unit area of is double the mass per unit area of
- the mass per unit area of is double the mass per unit area of
- the distance of the centre of mass of the template from is
(a) Show that
The template is freely pivoted about and hangs in equilibrium with at an angle of to the downward vertical.
(b) Find the value of
The mass of the template is
The template is still freely pivoted about , but it is now held in equilibrium, with vertical, by a horizontal force of magnitude which acts on the template at . The line of action of the force lies in the same plane as the template.
(c) Find in terms of and
题目中文翻译
图 1 所示的模板满足:
- 是边长为 的均匀正方形薄片;
- 是边长为 的均匀正方形薄片;
- 是边长为 的均匀正方形薄片;
- 三个正方形均位于同一平面内;
- 的单位面积质量是 的两倍;
- 的单位面积质量是 的两倍;
- 模板质心到 的距离为 。
(a) 证明 。
模板以 为自由转动支点悬挂并处于平衡状态, 与竖直向下方向成 角。
(b) 求 的值。
模板的质量为 。
模板仍以 为自由转动支点,但现在在 点受到大小为 的水平力作用,使其保持平衡且 竖直。 该力的作用线与模板位于同一平面内。
(c) 用 和 表示 。
解答
(a)
解法一
思路
展开
小正方形面积为大正方形的四分之一,但面密度为两倍,所以质量比为 。先列三块质心到 的距离,再取质量矩证明给定式。
答题过程
展开
Let the mass per unit area of be . The masses of , and are respectively
Their centres of mass are at their square centres. Measured perpendicularly above , their distances are respectively
Taking moments of masses about ,
Thus
Cancelling gives
(b)
解法一
思路
展开
悬挂时 竖直向下。还需计算质心到 的横向距离;再把 相对于 的角写成直角三角形正切,不能只用上一问的一个坐标。
答题过程
展开
Let be the centre of mass. In the orientation of Figure 1, let be its perpendicular distance to the right of .
The three square centres have distances , and to the right of . Taking moments about ,
Therefore
Since is above , the component of along is
Its perpendicular component is .
When the template hangs freely, is vertically downwards. The angle between and is therefore , so
Hence
(c)
解法一
思路
展开
竖直时,重力的垂直力臂是质心到 的距离 ;水平力的力臂是 到 所在水平线的距离 。对支点取矩即可消去支点反力。
答题过程
展开
With vertical, the weight acts through with perpendicular distance from .
The horizontal force at has perpendicular distance from . It acts in the direction that opposes the moment of the weight.
Taking moments about ,
Thus