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M2 2023 Oct Q6

A Level / Edexcel / M2

IAL 2023 Oct Paper · Question 6

题目

Problem

6.

A uniform rod ABAB has length 8a8a and weight WW.

The end AA of the rod is freely hinged to a fixed point on a vertical wall.

A particle of weight 14W\frac14W is attached to the rod at BB.

A light inelastic string of length 5a5a has one end attached to the rod at the point CC, where AC=5aAC=5a.

The other end of the string is attached to the wall at the point DD, where DD is above AA and AD=5aAD=5a, as shown in Figure 4.

The rod rests in equilibrium.

The tension in the string is TT.

(a) Show that T=65WT=\frac65W

(3)

(b) Find, in terms of WW, the magnitude of the force exerted on the rod by the hinge at AA.

(6)
题目中文翻译

均匀杆 ABAB 长 8a8a,重 WW。

杆的 AA 端通过自由铰链连接于竖直墙上的固定点。

一个重为 14W\frac14W 的质点连接于杆的 BB 点。

一根长为 5a5a 的不可伸长轻绳的一端连接于杆上的 CC 点,其中 AC=5aAC=5a。

如图 4 所示,绳的另一端连接于墙上的 DD 点,DD 在 AA 上方,且 AD=5aAD=5a。

杆处于静止平衡状态。

绳中的张力为 TT。

(a) 证明 T=65WT=\frac65W。

(3)

(b) 用 WW 表示 AA 点处铰链施加于杆的力的大小。

(6)

解答

(a)

解法一

思路

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AC=CD=ADAC=CD=AD,所以三角形等边,杆与水平夹角为 30∘30^\circ。对铰链取矩时,杆重在中点,附加质点在端点;绳拉力也必须使用垂直力臂。

答题过程

展开

Since AC=CD=AD=5aAC=CD=AD=5a, triangle ACDACD is equilateral. Thus the rod is at 30∘30^\circ to the horizontal, and the string CDCD is also at 30∘30^\circ to the horizontal.

The weight WW of the rod acts at its midpoint, 4a4a from AA. The particle’s weight W/4W/4 acts 8a8a from AA.

Taking moments about AA, with tension acting from CC towards DD,

W(4acos⁡30∘)+W4(8acos⁡30∘)=T(5asin⁡120∘).W(4a\cos30^\circ)+\frac W4(8a\cos30^\circ)=T(5a\sin120^\circ).

Since sin⁡120∘=cos⁡30∘\sin120^\circ=\cos30^\circ, cancelling acos⁡30∘a\cos30^\circ gives

4W+2W=5T.4W+2W=5T.

Therefore

T=65W.\boxed{T=\frac65W}.

(b)

解法一

思路

展开

绳向右上方拉杆,所以铰链的水平分量向左。竖直方向还要包括端点质点的重量;求出两分量后再用勾股定理求合力大小。

答题过程

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Let the hinge force have components HH horizontally to the left and VV vertically upwards.

Resolving horizontally,

H=Tcos⁡30∘=65W32=335W.H=T\cos30^\circ=\frac65W\frac{\sqrt3}{2}=\frac{3\sqrt3}{5}W.

Resolving vertically,

V+Tsin⁡30∘=W+W4.V+T\sin30^\circ=W+\frac W4.

Hence

V=54W−65W12=1320W.V=\frac54W-\frac65W\frac12=\frac{13}{20}W.

Both assumed component directions are confirmed by their positive values.

The magnitude RR of the hinge force satisfies

R=H2+V2.R=\sqrt{H^2+V^2}.

Therefore

R=W2725+169400=W20432+169,R=W\sqrt{\frac{27}{25}+\frac{169}{400}}=\frac W{20}\sqrt{432+169},

so

R=60120W.\boxed{R=\frac{\sqrt{601}}{20}W}.