题目
6.
A uniform rod has length and weight .
The end of the rod is freely hinged to a fixed point on a vertical wall.
A particle of weight is attached to the rod at .
A light inelastic string of length has one end attached to the rod at the point , where .
The other end of the string is attached to the wall at the point , where is above and , as shown in Figure 4.
The rod rests in equilibrium.
The tension in the string is .
(a) Show that
(b) Find, in terms of , the magnitude of the force exerted on the rod by the hinge at .
题目中文翻译
均匀杆 长 ,重 。
杆的 端通过自由铰链连接于竖直墙上的固定点。
一个重为 的质点连接于杆的 点。
一根长为 的不可伸长轻绳的一端连接于杆上的 点,其中 。
如图 4 所示,绳的另一端连接于墙上的 点, 在 上方,且 。
杆处于静止平衡状态。
绳中的张力为 。
(a) 证明 。
(b) 用 表示 点处铰链施加于杆的力的大小。
解答
(a)
解法一
思路
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,所以三角形等边,杆与水平夹角为 。对铰链取矩时,杆重在中点,附加质点在端点;绳拉力也必须使用垂直力臂。
答题过程
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Since , triangle is equilateral. Thus the rod is at to the horizontal, and the string is also at to the horizontal.
The weight of the rod acts at its midpoint, from . The particle’s weight acts from .
Taking moments about , with tension acting from towards ,
Since , cancelling gives
Therefore
(b)
解法一
思路
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绳向右上方拉杆,所以铰链的水平分量向左。竖直方向还要包括端点质点的重量;求出两分量后再用勾股定理求合力大小。
答题过程
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Let the hinge force have components horizontally to the left and vertically upwards.
Resolving horizontally,
Resolving vertically,
Hence
Both assumed component directions are confirmed by their positive values.
The magnitude of the hinge force satisfies
Therefore
so