题目
7.
Particle has mass and particle has mass .
The particles are moving in opposite directions along the same straight line on a smooth horizontal surface.
Particle collides directly with particle .
Immediately before the collision, the speed of is and the speed of is .
Immediately after the collision, the speed of is and the speed of is .
The direction of motion of each particle is reversed as a result of the collision.
The total kinetic energy of and after the collision is half of the total kinetic energy of and before the collision.
(a) Show that
The coefficient of restitution between and is .
(b) Find the value of .
After the collision, hits a smooth fixed vertical wall that is perpendicular to the direction of motion of .
Particle rebounds.
The coefficient of restitution between and the wall is .
Given that there is no second collision between and ,
(c) find the range of possible values of .
Given that
(d) find, in terms of and , the magnitude of the impulse received by as a result of its impact with the wall.
题目中文翻译
质点 的质量为 ,质点 的质量为 。
两质点在光滑水平面上沿同一直线反向运动。
质点 与质点 发生正碰。
碰撞前瞬间, 的速率为 , 的速率为 。
碰撞后瞬间, 的速率为 , 的速率为 。
碰撞使每个质点的运动方向均反转。
碰撞后 、 的总动能为碰撞前两者总动能的一半。
(a) 证明 。
与 之间的恢复系数为 。
(b) 求 的值。
碰撞后, 撞上垂直于其运动方向的光滑固定竖直墙。
质点 反弹。
与墙之间的恢复系数为 。
已知 、 没有发生第二次碰撞,
(c) 求 的可能取值范围。
已知 ,
(d) 用 和 表示 撞墙所受到的冲量大小。
解答
(a)
解法一
思路
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两粒子碰后均反向,先统一正方向,动量使用有符号速度,动能使用平方。联立后展示二次式与因式分解,舍去负速率根,才能完成证明题。
答题过程
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Take the initial direction of as positive. Before the collision the velocities are and ; afterwards they are and .
Conservation of momentum gives
Dividing by ,
The initial kinetic energy is
Since the final kinetic energy is half this,
Thus
Substituting for gives
Since is a positive speed, is inadmissible. Hence
(b)
解法一
思路
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先由动量关系求 ,再计算分离速率与接近速率的比。碰前和碰后两粒子方向都相反,所以两处均使用速率之和。
答题过程
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From (a),
The approach speed is , and the separation speed is . Therefore
Hence
(c)
解法一
思路
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撞墙后 在 后方并沿同方向追赶。只要 的反弹速率不超过 就不会追上;相等时距离保持不变,应包括等号。题目说反弹,因此排除 。
答题过程
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After rebounding from the wall, moves in the same direction as , with speed
At this stage is ahead of in their direction of motion, and its speed remains .
For not to catch , its speed must not exceed that of :
Thus
Also because rebounds. Equality gives equal speeds and a constant positive separation, so it is included. Therefore
(d)
解法一
思路
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冲量等于有符号动量变化。撞墙使 反向,速度变化的大小是碰前速率与反弹速率之和,而不是两速率之差。
答题过程
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Take the direction towards the wall as positive. The velocity of changes from to .
For , the signed impulse is
Using , its magnitude is
Hence