题目
4.
The uniform rectangular lamina , shown in Figure 2, has and
The points on and on are such that
The lamina is folded along to form the folded lamina , shown in Figure 3.
The distance of the centre of mass of from is .
(a) Show that
The weight of is . A particle of weight is attached to at .
The folded lamina is freely suspended from .
A force of magnitude , acting parallel to , is applied to at so that is vertical.
(b) Find in terms of
题目中文翻译
图 2 所示的均匀长方形薄片 满足 ,。
点位于 上, 点位于 上,且 。
将薄片沿 折叠,形成图 3 所示的折叠薄片 。
的质心到 的距离为 。
(a) 证明 。
的重量为 。一个重为 的质点连接于 的 点。
折叠薄片 从 点自由悬挂。
在 点对 施加大小为 、方向平行于 的力,使 竖直。
(b) 用 表示 。
解答
(a)
解法一
思路
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将折叠视为从原长方形减去三角形原来的质量,再在镜像位置加回。两层重叠要重复计质量。三角形质心的横坐标用三个顶点平均,避免直接套梯形质心。
答题过程
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Measure horizontal distances to the right of in Figure 2. The original rectangle has area and its centroid is from .
Since and , . Before folding, the horizontal coordinates of are respectively
Triangle has area
and its centroid is from .
On folding, moves to the point shown inside the lamina in Figure 3, with horizontal coordinate . The centroid of the folded triangle is therefore
from .
The total mass is unchanged. Taking moments of areas and counting the folded layer separately,
Thus
Hence
(b)
解法一
思路
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以悬挂点 为矩心,薄片重心到该点的水平距离须减去 。另计 点的附加重量,水平力的力臂是竖直距离 。
答题过程
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With vertical, is a horizontal distance from . The perpendicular distance from to the lamina’s weight is
The particle at is a horizontal distance from . The force at , parallel to , is horizontal and has perpendicular distance from .
Taking moments about ,
Thus
and hence