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M2 2024 Jan Q4

A Level / Edexcel / M2

IAL 2024 Jan Paper · Question 4

题目

Problem

4.

The uniform rectangular lamina ABCDABCD, shown in Figure 2, has DC=4aDC=4a and AD=5aAD=5a

The points SS on ABAB and TT on BCBC are such that SB=BT=3aSB=BT=3a

The lamina is folded along STST to form the folded lamina LL, shown in Figure 3.

The distance of the centre of mass of LL from ADAD is dd.

(a) Show that d=7140ad=\frac{71}{40}a

(5)

The weight of LL is 4W4W. A particle of weight WW is attached to LL at CC.

The folded lamina LL is freely suspended from SS.

A force of magnitude FF, acting parallel to DCDC, is applied to LL at DD so that ADAD is vertical.

(b) Find FF in terms of WW

(4)
题目中文翻译

图 2 所示的均匀长方形薄片 ABCDABCD 满足 DC=4aDC=4a,AD=5aAD=5a。

SS 点位于 ABAB 上,TT 点位于 BCBC 上,且 SB=BT=3aSB=BT=3a。

将薄片沿 STST 折叠,形成图 3 所示的折叠薄片 LL。

LL 的质心到 ADAD 的距离为 dd。

(a) 证明 d=7140ad=\frac{71}{40}a。

(5)

LL 的重量为 4W4W。一个重为 WW 的质点连接于 LL 的 CC 点。

折叠薄片 LL 从 SS 点自由悬挂。

在 DD 点对 LL 施加大小为 FF、方向平行于 DCDC 的力,使 ADAD 竖直。

(b) 用 WW 表示 FF。

(4)

解答

(a)

解法一

思路

展开

将折叠视为从原长方形减去三角形原来的质量,再在镜像位置加回。两层重叠要重复计质量。三角形质心的横坐标用三个顶点平均,避免直接套梯形质心。

答题过程

展开

Measure horizontal distances to the right of ADAD in Figure 2. The original rectangle has area 20a220a^2 and its centroid is 2a2a from ADAD.

Since AB=4aAB=4a and SB=3aSB=3a, AS=aAS=a. Before folding, the horizontal coordinates of S,B,TS,B,T are respectively

a,4a,4a.a,\qquad 4a,\qquad 4a.

Triangle SBTSBT has area

12(3a)(3a)=92a2,\frac12(3a)(3a)=\frac92a^2,

and its centroid is (a+4a+4a)/3=3a(a+4a+4a)/3=3a from ADAD.

On folding, BB moves to the point shown inside the lamina in Figure 3, with horizontal coordinate aa. The centroid of the folded triangle is therefore

a+a+4a3=2a\frac{a+a+4a}{3}=2a

from ADAD.

The total mass is unchanged. Taking moments of areas and counting the folded layer separately,

20a2d=20a2(2a)−92a2(3a)+92a2(2a).20a^2d=20a^2(2a)-\frac92a^2(3a)+\frac92a^2(2a).

Thus

20a2d=(40−272+9)a3=712a3.20a^2d=\left(40-\frac{27}{2}+9\right)a^3=\frac{71}{2}a^3.

Hence

d=7140a.\boxed{d=\frac{71}{40}a}.

(b)

解法一

思路

展开

以悬挂点 SS 为矩心,薄片重心到该点的水平距离须减去 AS=aAS=a。另计 CC 点的附加重量,水平力的力臂是竖直距离 5a5a。

答题过程

展开

With ADAD vertical, SS is a horizontal distance aa from ADAD. The perpendicular distance from SS to the lamina’s weight is

d−a=7140a−a=3140a.d-a=\frac{71}{40}a-a=\frac{31}{40}a.

The particle at CC is a horizontal distance 4a−a=3a4a-a=3a from SS. The force at DD, parallel to DCDC, is horizontal and has perpendicular distance 5a5a from SS.

Taking moments about SS,

4W(3140a)+W(3a)=F(5a).4W\left(\frac{31}{40}a\right)+W(3a)=F(5a).

Thus

(3110+3)W=5F,\left(\frac{31}{10}+3\right)W=5F,

and hence

F=6150W.\boxed{F=\frac{61}{50}W}.