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M2 2024 Jan Q6

A Level / Edexcel / M2

IAL 2024 Jan Paper · Question 6

题目

Problem

6.

A uniform beam ABAB, of weight 40 N40\,\mathrm{N} and length 7 m7\,\mathrm{m}, rests with end AA on rough horizontal ground.

The beam rests on a smooth horizontal peg at CC, with AC=5 mAC=5\,\mathrm{m}, as shown in Figure 5.

The beam is inclined at an angle θ\theta to the ground, where sin⁡θ=35\sin\theta=\frac35

The beam is modelled as a rod that lies in a vertical plane perpendicular to the peg.

The normal reaction between the beam and the peg at CC has magnitude PP newtons.

Using the model,

(a) show that P=22.4P=22.4

(3)

(b) find the magnitude of the resultant force acting on the beam at AA.

(6)
题目中文翻译

重为 40 N40\,\mathrm{N}、长为 7 m7\,\mathrm{m} 的均匀梁 ABAB,其 AA 端位于粗糙水平地面上并静止。

如图 5 所示,梁在 CC 点支承于光滑水平销钉上,且 AC=5 mAC=5\,\mathrm{m}。

梁与地面成 θ\theta 角,其中 sin⁡θ=35\sin\theta=\frac35。

将梁视为位于垂直于销钉的竖直平面内的细杆。

梁与销钉在 CC 点之间的法向反作用力大小为 PP 牛顿。

利用此模型,

(a) 证明 P=22.4P=22.4;

(3)

(b) 求梁在 AA 点所受合力的大小。

(6)

解答

(a)

解法一

思路

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光滑销钉反力垂直于梁,因此它对 AA 的力臂正好为 55 米。梁重作用于中点,其力臂则为中点的水平距离。

答题过程

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Since sin⁡θ=3/5\sin\theta=3/5 and the beam is inclined acutely to the ground,

cos⁡θ=45.\cos\theta=\frac45.

The reaction PP at the smooth peg is perpendicular to the beam. Taking moments about AA,

P(5)=40(72cos⁡θ).P(5)=40\left(\frac72\cos\theta\right).

Thus

5P=40(72)45=112,5P=40\left(\frac72\right)\frac45=112,

and hence

P=22.4 N.\boxed{P=22.4\text{ N}}.

(b)

解法一

思路

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地面处合力包含竖直支持力和水平摩擦力。销钉反力向左上方,所以地面摩擦向右;分解销钉反力时不能把它当竖直力。

答题过程

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Let the force at AA have components HH horizontally to the right and VV vertically upwards. The peg reaction acts upwards and to the left, perpendicular to the beam.

Resolving horizontally,

H=Psin⁡θ=22.4(35)=13.44 N.H=P\sin\theta=22.4\left(\frac35\right)=13.44\text{ N}.

Resolving vertically,

V+Pcos⁡θ=40,V+P\cos\theta=40,

so

V=40−22.4(45)=22.08 N.V=40-22.4\left(\frac45\right)=22.08\text{ N}.

The resultant magnitude is

R=H2+V2=13.442+22.082.R=\sqrt{H^2+V^2}=\sqrt{13.44^2+22.08^2}.

Hence

R=24295 N≈25.8 N.\boxed{R=\frac{24\sqrt{29}}5\text{ N}\approx25.8\text{ N}}.

解法二

思路

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也可将三力平衡画成首尾相接的力三角形。重力与销钉反力对应的内角为 θ\theta,用余弦定理直接求地面合力。

答题过程

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The three forces in equilibrium are the weight 40 N, the peg reaction 22.4 N and the resultant ground force RR.

In the head-to-tail force triangle, the internal angle between the sides of lengths 40 and 22.4 is θ\theta.

By the cosine rule,

R2=402+22.42−2(40)(22.4)cos⁡θ.R^2=40^2+22.4^2-2(40)(22.4)\cos\theta.

With cos⁡θ=4/5\cos\theta=4/5,

R2=1600+501.76−1433.6=668.16.R^2=1600+501.76-1433.6=668.16.

Therefore

R=24295 N≈25.8 N.\boxed{R=\frac{24\sqrt{29}}5\text{ N}\approx25.8\text{ N}}.