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M2 2024 Jan Q7

A Level / Edexcel / M2

IAL 2024 Jan Paper · Question 7

题目

Problem

7.

Particle PP has mass mm and particle QQ has mass 5m5m.

The particles are moving in the same direction along the same straight line on a smooth horizontal surface.

Particle PP collides directly with particle QQ.

Immediately before the collision, the speed of PP is 6u6u and the speed of QQ is uu.

Immediately after the collision, the speed of PP is xx and the speed of QQ is yy.

The direction of motion of PP is reversed as a result of the collision.

The coefficient of restitution between PP and QQ is ee.

(a) Find the complete range of possible values of ee.

(7)

Given that e=35e=\frac35

(b) find the total kinetic energy lost in the collision between PP and QQ.

(4)

After the collision, QQ hits a smooth fixed vertical wall that is perpendicular to the direction of motion of QQ.

Particle QQ rebounds.

The coefficient of restitution between QQ and the wall is ff.

Given that there is a second collision between PP and QQ,

(c) find the complete range of possible values of ff.

(3)
题目中文翻译

质点 PP 的质量为 mm,质点 QQ 的质量为 5m5m。

两质点在光滑水平面上沿同一直线同向运动。

质点 PP 与质点 QQ 发生正碰。

碰撞前瞬间,PP 的速率为 6u6u,QQ 的速率为 uu。

碰撞后瞬间,PP 的速率为 xx,QQ 的速率为 yy。

碰撞使 PP 的运动方向反转。

PP 与 QQ 之间的恢复系数为 ee。

(a) 求 ee 的完整可能取值范围。

(7)

已知 e=35e=\frac35,

(b) 求 PP 与 QQ 碰撞中损失的总动能。

(4)

碰撞后,QQ 撞上垂直于其运动方向的光滑固定竖直墙。

质点 QQ 反弹。

QQ 与墙之间的恢复系数为 ff。

已知 PP、QQ 发生第二次碰撞,

(c) 求 ff 的完整可能取值范围。

(3)

解答

(a)

解法一

思路

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碰前同向,接近速率为 5u5u;PP 碰后反向,用速度 −x-x 列动量。反向要求 x>0x>0,不是 x≥0x\ge0,再结合恢复系数上限给完整区间。

答题过程

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Take the common initial direction as positive. After collision PP has velocity −x-x. Conservation of momentum gives

m(6u)+5m(u)=−mx+5my,m(6u)+5m(u)=-mx+5my,

so

11u=5y−x.11u=5y-x.

Since PP reverses and QQ continues forwards, the separation speed is x+yx+y. Newton’s law of restitution gives

x+y=e(6u−u)=5eu.x+y=e(6u-u)=5eu.

Thus y=5eu−xy=5eu-x. Substituting into momentum,

11u=5(5eu−x)−x=25eu−6x.11u=5(5eu-x)-x=25eu-6x.

Hence

x=25e−116u.x=\frac{25e-11}{6}u.

For PP to reverse, x>0x>0, so e>11/25e>11/25. Combining this with e≤1e\le1 gives

1125<e≤1.\boxed{\frac{11}{25}<e\le1}.

(b)

解法一

思路

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代入给定恢复系数求碰后两速率,再逐项计算系统碰前、碰后总动能。保持分数能避免舍入造成误差。

答题过程

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For e=3/5e=3/5,

x=25(3/5)−116u=23u.x=\frac{25(3/5)-11}{6}u=\frac23u.

From 11u=5y−x11u=5y-x,

y=11u+x5=73u.y=\frac{11u+x}{5}=\frac73u.

The initial kinetic energy is

K0=12m(6u)2+12(5m)u2=412mu2.K_0=\frac12m(6u)^2+\frac12(5m)u^2=\frac{41}{2}mu^2.

The final kinetic energy is

K1=12m(23u)2+12(5m)(73u)2=836mu2.K_1=\frac12m\left(\frac23u\right)^2+\frac12(5m)\left(\frac73u\right)^2=\frac{83}{6}mu^2.

Therefore

K0−K1=(1236−836)mu2,K_0-K_1=\left(\frac{123}{6}-\frac{83}{6}\right)mu^2,

so the total kinetic energy lost is

203mu2.\boxed{\frac{20}{3}mu^2}.

(c)

解法一

思路

展开

反弹后 QQ 从后面追赶 PP。要再次碰撞,QQ 必须更快;等速只会保持间距,因此不包括下端等号。

答题过程

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After its wall impact, QQ moves in the same direction as PP, with speed

fy=73fu.fy=\frac73fu.

The speed of PP remains x=2u/3x=2u/3. Since PP is ahead, a second collision requires

73fu>23u.\frac73fu>\frac23u.

Thus

f>27.f>\frac27.

At f=2/7f=2/7 the speeds are equal and the particles remain separated, so this endpoint is excluded. Since f≤1f\le1,

27<f≤1.\boxed{\frac27<f\le1}.