题目
7.
Particle has mass and particle has mass .
The particles are moving in the same direction along the same straight line on a smooth horizontal surface.
Particle collides directly with particle .
Immediately before the collision, the speed of is and the speed of is .
Immediately after the collision, the speed of is and the speed of is .
The direction of motion of is reversed as a result of the collision.
The coefficient of restitution between and is .
(a) Find the complete range of possible values of .
Given that
(b) find the total kinetic energy lost in the collision between and .
After the collision, hits a smooth fixed vertical wall that is perpendicular to the direction of motion of .
Particle rebounds.
The coefficient of restitution between and the wall is .
Given that there is a second collision between and ,
(c) find the complete range of possible values of .
题目中文翻译
质点 的质量为 ,质点 的质量为 。
两质点在光滑水平面上沿同一直线同向运动。
质点 与质点 发生正碰。
碰撞前瞬间, 的速率为 , 的速率为 。
碰撞后瞬间, 的速率为 , 的速率为 。
碰撞使 的运动方向反转。
与 之间的恢复系数为 。
(a) 求 的完整可能取值范围。
已知 ,
(b) 求 与 碰撞中损失的总动能。
碰撞后, 撞上垂直于其运动方向的光滑固定竖直墙。
质点 反弹。
与墙之间的恢复系数为 。
已知 、 发生第二次碰撞,
(c) 求 的完整可能取值范围。
解答
(a)
解法一
思路
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碰前同向,接近速率为 ; 碰后反向,用速度 列动量。反向要求 ,不是 ,再结合恢复系数上限给完整区间。
答题过程
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Take the common initial direction as positive. After collision has velocity . Conservation of momentum gives
so
Since reverses and continues forwards, the separation speed is . Newton’s law of restitution gives
Thus . Substituting into momentum,
Hence
For to reverse, , so . Combining this with gives
(b)
解法一
思路
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代入给定恢复系数求碰后两速率,再逐项计算系统碰前、碰后总动能。保持分数能避免舍入造成误差。
答题过程
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For ,
From ,
The initial kinetic energy is
The final kinetic energy is
Therefore
so the total kinetic energy lost is
(c)
解法一
思路
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反弹后 从后面追赶 。要再次碰撞, 必须更快;等速只会保持间距,因此不包括下端等号。
答题过程
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After its wall impact, moves in the same direction as , with speed
The speed of remains . Since is ahead, a second collision requires
Thus
At the speeds are equal and the particles remain separated, so this endpoint is excluded. Since ,