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M2 2024 June Q2

A Level / Edexcel / M2

IAL 2024 June Paper · Question 2

题目

Problem

2.

In this question you must show all stages of your working.

Solutions relying on calculator technology are not acceptable.

A particle PP is moving in a straight line.

At time tt seconds, the speed, v m s−1v\,\mathrm{m\,s^{-1}}, of PP is given by the continuous function

v={2t+10⩽t⩽k34tt>kv=\begin{cases} \sqrt{2t+1} & 0\leqslant t\leqslant k\\ \frac34t & t>k \end{cases}

where kk is a constant.

(a) Show that k=4k=4, explaining your method carefully.

(3)

(b) Find the acceleration of PP when t=1.5t=1.5

(3)

At time t=0t=0, PP passes through the point OO

(c) Find the distance of PP from OO when t=8t=8

(7)
题目中文翻译

本题必须展示所有计算步骤。

不接受依赖计算器技术的解法。

质点 PP 沿直线运动。

在 tt 秒时,PP 的速率 v m s−1v\,\mathrm{m\,s^{-1}} 由连续函数给出:

v={2t+10⩽t⩽k34tt>kv=\begin{cases} \sqrt{2t+1} & 0\leqslant t\leqslant k\\ \frac34t & t>k \end{cases}

其中 kk 为常数。

(a) 证明 k=4k=4,并仔细解释所用的方法。

(3)

(b) 求 t=1.5t=1.5 时 PP 的加速度。

(3)

在 t=0t=0 时,PP 经过 OO 点。

(c) 求 t=8t=8 时 PP 到 OO 的距离。

(7)

解答

(a)

解法一

思路

展开

连续性要求分段连接处两式相等。平方后要手算因式分解,并依据连接时间非负排除不合条件的根,最后回代原来的根式等式。

答题过程

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Since the speed function is continuous at the joining time t=kt=k, its two expressions must agree there:

2k+1=34k.\sqrt{2k+1}=\frac34k.

Squaring gives

2k+1=916k2,2k+1=\frac9{16}k^2, 9k2−32k−16=0.9k^2-32k-16=0.

Factorising,

(9k+4)(k−4)=0.(9k+4)(k-4)=0.

Thus k=−4/9k=-4/9 or k=4k=4. The joining time must satisfy k≥0k\ge0, so the negative root is rejected. Also, it would give a negative right-hand side in the original equation.

For k=4k=4, both speed expressions give 9=3=(3/4)(4)\sqrt9=3=(3/4)(4), verifying continuity. Therefore

k=4.\boxed{k=4}.

(b)

解法一

思路

展开

1.5<41.5<4,所以使用根式这一段。完整展示链式求导和代入,最后给精确分数。

答题过程

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For 0≤t≤40\le t\le4,

v=(2t+1)1/2.v=(2t+1)^{1/2}.

Therefore

a=dvdt=12(2t+1)−1/2(2)=12t+1.a=\frac{\mathrm{d}v}{\mathrm{d}t}=\frac12(2t+1)^{-1/2}(2)=\frac1{\sqrt{2t+1}}.

At t=1.5t=1.5,

a=12(3/2)+1=14.a=\frac1{\sqrt{2(3/2)+1}}=\frac1{\sqrt4}.

Hence

a=12 m s−2.\boxed{a=\frac12\text{ m s}^{-2}}.

(c)

解法一

思路

展开

全程速率为正,运动方向不反转,所以到 OO 的距离等于两段速率积分之和。两段积分均展示原函数、上下限与手算值,不能把第二段的 1818 当成总距离。

答题过程

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The speed is positive throughout 0≤t≤80\le t\le8, so there is no reversal of motion. Since PP starts at OO, its distance from OO is

D=∫042t+1 dt+∫4834t dt.D=\int_0^4\sqrt{2t+1}\,\mathrm{d}t+\int_4^8\frac34t\,\mathrm{d}t.

For the first interval, the chain rule gives

∫(2t+1)1/2 dt=13(2t+1)3/2+C.\int(2t+1)^{1/2}\,\mathrm{d}t=\frac13(2t+1)^{3/2}+C.

Thus

D1=[13(2t+1)3/2]04=93/2−13/23,D_1=\left[\frac13(2t+1)^{3/2}\right]_0^4=\frac{9^{3/2}-1^{3/2}}3, D1=27−13=263 m.D_1=\frac{27-1}{3}=\frac{26}{3}\text{ m}.

For the second interval,

D2=[38t2]48=38(64−16)=38(48)=18 m.D_2=\left[\frac38t^2\right]_4^8=\frac38(64-16)=\frac38(48)=18\text{ m}.

Hence

D=263+18=26+543,D=\frac{26}{3}+18=\frac{26+54}{3},

so

D=803 m.\boxed{D=\frac{80}{3}\text{ m}}.