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M2 2024 June Q5

A Level / Edexcel / M2

IAL 2024 June Paper · Question 5

题目

Problem

5.

A particle PP of mass mm and a particle QQ of mass 2m2m are at rest on a smooth horizontal plane.

Particle PP is projected with speed uu along the plane towards QQ and the particles collide. The coefficient of restitution between the particles is ee.

As a result of the collision, the direction of motion of PP is reversed.

(a) Find, in terms of uu and ee, the speed of PP after the collision.

(6)

After the collision, QQ goes on to hit a vertical wall which is fixed at right angles to the direction of motion of QQ. The coefficient of restitution between QQ and the wall is 13\frac13

Given that there is a second collision between PP and QQ

(b) find the full range of possible values of ee.

(5)
题目中文翻译

质量为 mm 的质点 PP 与质量为 2m2m 的质点 QQ,均静止在光滑水平面上。

将质点 PP 以速率 uu 沿平面向 QQ 发射,两质点发生碰撞。 两质点之间的恢复系数为 ee。

碰撞使 PP 的运动方向反转。

(a) 用 uu 和 ee 表示碰撞后 PP 的速率。

(6)

碰撞后,QQ 继续运动并撞上垂直于其运动方向的固定竖直墙。QQ 与墙之间的恢复系数为 13\frac13。

已知 PP、QQ 发生第二次碰撞,

(b) 求 ee 的完整可能取值范围。

(5)

解答

(a)

解法一

思路

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设 PP 碰后反向速率为 vv,QQ 碰后向前速率为 ww。动量方程中 PP 的末速度为负;恢复定律用分离速率除以接近速率。

答题过程

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Take the initial direction of PP as positive. After collision let the velocities of PP and QQ be −v-v and +w+w respectively.

Conservation of momentum gives

mu=−mv+2mw,mu=-mv+2mw,

so

u=−v+2w.u=-v+2w.

Newton’s law of restitution gives

v+w=eu,v+w=eu,

so w=eu−vw=eu-v. Substituting into momentum,

u=−v+2(eu−v)=2eu−3v.u=-v+2(eu-v)=2eu-3v.

Thus

3v=u(2e−1),3v=u(2e-1),

and the speed of PP is

v=u(2e−1)3.\boxed{v=\frac{u(2e-1)}3}.

Since PP reverses, v>0v>0, requiring e>1/2e>1/2.

(b)

解法一

思路

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先求 QQ 的速率,再利用墙的恢复系数求其反弹速率。反弹后两粒子同向,QQ 从后面追赶 PP,必须更快;同时保留 PP 反向带来的下限。

答题过程

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From momentum and (a),

w=u+v2=u+u(2e−1)/32=u(e+1)3.w=\frac{u+v}{2}=\frac{u+u(2e-1)/3}{2}=\frac{u(e+1)}3.

The wall’s coefficient of restitution is 1/31/3, so the rebound speed of QQ is

x=13w=u(e+1)9.x=\frac13w=\frac{u(e+1)}9.

After the rebound, PP is ahead and both particles move away from the wall. A second collision requires x>vx>v:

u(e+1)9>u(2e−1)3.\frac{u(e+1)}9>\frac{u(2e-1)}3.

Since u>0u>0,

e+1>3(2e−1),e+1>3(2e-1), 4>5e,4>5e,

so e<4/5e<4/5. Combining this with the reversal condition e>1/2e>1/2 gives

12<e<45.\boxed{\frac12<e<\frac45}.

At the lower endpoint PP would stop rather than reverse; at the upper endpoint the rebound speeds would be equal and no second collision would occur.