题目
5.
A particle of mass and a particle of mass are at rest on a smooth horizontal plane.
Particle is projected with speed along the plane towards and the particles collide. The coefficient of restitution between the particles is .
As a result of the collision, the direction of motion of is reversed.
(a) Find, in terms of and , the speed of after the collision.
After the collision, goes on to hit a vertical wall which is fixed at right angles to the direction of motion of . The coefficient of restitution between and the wall is
Given that there is a second collision between and
(b) find the full range of possible values of .
题目中文翻译
质量为 的质点 与质量为 的质点 ,均静止在光滑水平面上。
将质点 以速率 沿平面向 发射,两质点发生碰撞。 两质点之间的恢复系数为 。
碰撞使 的运动方向反转。
(a) 用 和 表示碰撞后 的速率。
碰撞后, 继续运动并撞上垂直于其运动方向的固定竖直墙。 与墙之间的恢复系数为 。
已知 、 发生第二次碰撞,
(b) 求 的完整可能取值范围。
解答
(a)
解法一
思路
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设 碰后反向速率为 , 碰后向前速率为 。动量方程中 的末速度为负;恢复定律用分离速率除以接近速率。
答题过程
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Take the initial direction of as positive. After collision let the velocities of and be and respectively.
Conservation of momentum gives
so
Newton’s law of restitution gives
so . Substituting into momentum,
Thus
and the speed of is
Since reverses, , requiring .
(b)
解法一
思路
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先求 的速率,再利用墙的恢复系数求其反弹速率。反弹后两粒子同向, 从后面追赶 ,必须更快;同时保留 反向带来的下限。
答题过程
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From momentum and (a),
The wall’s coefficient of restitution is , so the rebound speed of is
After the rebound, is ahead and both particles move away from the wall. A second collision requires :
Since ,
so . Combining this with the reversal condition gives
At the lower endpoint would stop rather than reverse; at the upper endpoint the rebound speeds would be equal and no second collision would occur.