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M2 2024 June Q6

A Level / Edexcel / M2

IAL 2024 June Paper · Question 6

题目

Problem

6.

A uniform rod, ABAB, of mass mm and length 2a2a, rests in limiting equilibrium with its end AA on rough horizontal ground and its end BB against a smooth vertical wall. The vertical plane containing the rod is at right angles to the wall. The rod is inclined to the wall at an angle α\alpha, as shown in Figure 2.

The coefficient of friction between the rod and the ground is 13\frac13

(a) Show that tan⁡α=23\tan\alpha=\frac23

(6)

With the rod in the same position, a horizontal force of magnitude kmgkmg is applied to the rod at AA, towards the wall. The line of action of this force is at right angles to the wall.

The rod remains in equilibrium.

(b) Find the largest possible value of kk.

(4)
题目中文翻译

质量为 mm、长为 2a2a 的均匀杆 ABAB,其 AA 端位于粗糙水平地面上,BB 端靠在光滑竖直墙上,处于极限平衡状态。 包含杆的竖直平面垂直于墙面。 如图 2 所示,杆与墙成 α\alpha 角。

杆与地面之间的摩擦系数为 13\frac13。

(a) 证明 tan⁡α=23\tan\alpha=\frac23。

(6)

杆保持在同一位置,在 AA 点对杆施加大小为 kmgkmg、指向墙面的水平力。该力的作用线垂直于墙面。

杆仍保持平衡。

(b) 求 kk 的最大可能值。

(4)

解答

(a)

解法一

思路

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注意 α\alpha 是杆与墙的夹角。墙光滑,反力水平;地面摩擦指向墙。竖直平衡、极限摩擦与绕 AA 的力矩共同给出角度关系。

答题过程

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Let RR be the vertical ground reaction, FF the friction towards the wall at AA, and SS the horizontal wall reaction away from the wall at BB.

Resolving vertically,

R=mg.R=mg.

Since the rod is in limiting equilibrium,

F=13R=13mg.F=\frac13R=\frac13mg.

Resolving horizontally,

S=F=13mg.S=F=\frac13mg.

The angle to the vertical is α\alpha. Taking moments about AA,

S(2acos⁡α)=mg(asin⁡α).S(2a\cos\alpha)=mg(a\sin\alpha).

Substituting S=mg/3S=mg/3 and cancelling mgamga,

23cos⁡α=sin⁡α.\frac23\cos\alpha=\sin\alpha.

Hence

tan⁡α=23.\boxed{\tan\alpha=\frac23}.

(b)

解法一

思路

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新增水平力作用于 AA,不影响绕 AA 的力矩或竖直平衡,所以墙反力和地面支持力均不变。力较大时地面摩擦反向;最大 kk 对应摩擦背离墙且达到极限。

答题过程

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The rod remains in the same position. The new force at AA has zero moment about AA, so taking moments about AA again gives the same wall reaction:

N=13mg.N=\frac13mg.

Vertical equilibrium still gives R=mgR=mg.

Let fAf_A be the signed ground friction, positive towards the wall. Horizontal equilibrium gives

kmg+fA=N,kmg+f_A=N,

so

fA=(13−k)mg.f_A=\left(\frac13-k\right)mg.

Static friction must satisfy

∣fA∣≤13R=13mg.|f_A|\le\frac13R=\frac13mg.

Therefore

∣13−k∣≤13.\left|\frac13-k\right|\le\frac13.

This gives 0≤k≤2/30\le k\le2/3. At the maximum, friction acts away from the wall at its limiting value mg/3mg/3, and

kmg=N+13mg=23mg.kmg=N+\frac13mg=\frac23mg.

Hence

kmax⁡=23.\boxed{k_{\max}=\frac23}.