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M2 2024 Oct Q2

A Level / Edexcel / M2

IAL 2024 Oct Paper · Question 2

题目

Problem

2.

A particle QQ of mass 3 kg3\,\mathrm{kg} is moving on a smooth horizontal surface.

Particle QQ is moving with velocity 5i m s−15\mathbf{i}\,\mathrm{m\,s^{-1}} when it receives a horizontal impulse of magnitude 382 N s3\sqrt{82}\,\mathrm{N\,s}.

Immediately after receiving the impulse, the velocity of QQ is (xi+yj) m s−1(x\mathbf{i}+y\mathbf{j})\,\mathrm{m\,s^{-1}}, where xx and yy are positive constants.

The kinetic energy gained by QQ as a result of receiving the impulse is 138 J138\,\mathrm{J}.

Find, in terms of i\mathbf{i} and j\mathbf{j}, the velocity of QQ immediately after receiving the impulse.

(7)
题目中文翻译

质量为 3 kg3\,\mathrm{kg} 的质点 QQ 在光滑水平面上运动。

质点 QQ 正以速度 5i m s−15\mathbf{i}\,\mathrm{m\,s^{-1}} 运动,随后受到大小为 382 N s3\sqrt{82}\,\mathrm{N\,s} 的水平冲量。

受到冲量后瞬间,QQ 的速度为 (xi+yj) m s−1(x\mathbf{i}+y\mathbf{j})\,\mathrm{m\,s^{-1}},其中 xx、yy 为正常数。

受到冲量使 QQ 的动能增加了 138 J138\,\mathrm{J}。

用 i\mathbf{i} 和 j\mathbf{j} 表示 QQ 受到冲量后瞬间的速度。

(7)

解答

解法一

思路

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冲量大小给速度变化的模,动能增加给末速率平方。联立两个平方关系,用相减消去 y2y^2;最后利用 y>0y>0 选根,结果仍写速度向量。

答题过程

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By impulse-momentum, the impulse vector is

I=3[(xi+yj)−5i]=3(x−5)i+3yj.\mathbf I=3\bigl[(x\mathbf i+y\mathbf j)-5\mathbf i\bigr]=3(x-5)\mathbf i+3y\mathbf j.

Its magnitude is 3823\sqrt{82} N s, so

9(x−5)2+9y2=(382)2.9(x-5)^2+9y^2=(3\sqrt{82})^2.

Dividing by 9,

(x−5)2+y2=82.(x-5)^2+y^2=82.

The gain in kinetic energy is 138 J:

12(3)(x2+y2)−12(3)(52)=138.\frac12(3)(x^2+y^2)-\frac12(3)(5^2)=138.

Thus

x2+y2−25=92,x^2+y^2-25=92, x2+y2=117.x^2+y^2=117.

Subtracting the impulse equation from this equation,

x2−(x−5)2=117−82=35.x^2-(x-5)^2=117-82=35.

Expanding,

10x−25=35,x=6.10x-25=35,\qquad x=6.

Then

y2=117−36=81.y^2=117-36=81.

Since y>0y>0, y=9y=9. Therefore

v=(6i+9j) m s−1.\boxed{\mathbf v=(6\mathbf i+9\mathbf j)\text{ m s}^{-1}}.