题目
Problem
2.
A particle Q of mass 3kg is moving on a smooth horizontal surface.
Particle Q is moving with velocity 5ims−1 when it receives a horizontal impulse of magnitude 382Ns.
Immediately after receiving the impulse, the velocity of Q is (xi+yj)ms−1, where x and y are positive constants.
The kinetic energy gained by Q as a result of receiving the impulse is 138J.
Find, in terms of i and j, the velocity of Q immediately after receiving the impulse.
(7)
题目中文翻译
质量为 3kg 的质点 Q 在光滑水平面上运动。
质点 Q 正以速度 5ims−1 运动,随后受到大小为 382Ns 的水平冲量。
受到冲量后瞬间,Q 的速度为 (xi+yj)ms−1,其中 x、y 为正常数。
受到冲量使 Q 的动能增加了 138J。
用 i 和 j 表示 Q 受到冲量后瞬间的速度。
(7)
解答
解法一
思路
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冲量大小给速度变化的模,动能增加给末速率平方。联立两个平方关系,用相减消去 y2;最后利用 y>0 选根,结果仍写速度向量。
答题过程
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By impulse-momentum, the impulse vector is
I=3[(xi+yj)−5i]=3(x−5)i+3yj.
Its magnitude is 382 N s, so
9(x−5)2+9y2=(382)2.
Dividing by 9,
(x−5)2+y2=82.
The gain in kinetic energy is 138 J:
21(3)(x2+y2)−21(3)(52)=138.
Thus
x2+y2−25=92,
x2+y2=117.
Subtracting the impulse equation from this equation,
x2−(x−5)2=117−82=35.
Expanding,
10x−25=35,x=6.
Then
y2=117−36=81.
Since y>0, y=9. Therefore
v=(6i+9j) m s−1.