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M2 2024 Oct Q7

A Level / Edexcel / M2

IAL 2024 Oct Paper · Question 7

题目

Problem

7.

A particle PP has mass 5m5m and a particle QQ has mass 2m2m. The particles are moving in opposite directions along the same straight line on a smooth horizontal surface. Particle PP collides directly with particle QQ.

Immediately before the collision, the speed of PP is 2u2u and the speed of QQ is 3u3u. Immediately after the collision, the speed of PP is xx and the speed of QQ is yy. The direction of motion of QQ is reversed as a result of the collision.

The coefficient of restitution between PP and QQ is ee.

(a) Find the set of values of ee for which the direction of motion of PP is unchanged as a result of the collision.

(7)

In the collision, QQ receives an impulse of magnitude 607mu\frac{60}{7}mu

(b) Show that e=15e=\frac15

(5)

After the collision, QQ hits a smooth fixed vertical wall that is perpendicular to the direction of motion of QQ.

Particle QQ rebounds and there is a second collision between PP and QQ.

The coefficient of restitution between QQ and the wall is 13\frac13

(c) Find, in terms of mm and uu, the magnitude of the impulse received by QQ in the second collision between PP and QQ.

(3)
题目中文翻译

质点 PP 的质量为 5m5m,质点 QQ 的质量为 2m2m。 两质点在光滑水平面上沿同一直线反向运动。 质点 PP 与质点 QQ 发生正碰。

碰撞前瞬间,PP 的速率为 2u2u,QQ 的速率为 3u3u。 碰撞后瞬间,PP 的速率为 xx,QQ 的速率为 yy。 碰撞使 QQ 的运动方向反转。

PP 与 QQ 之间的恢复系数为 ee。

(a) 求使碰撞后 PP 的运动方向不变的 ee 的取值集合。

(7)

碰撞中,QQ 受到大小为 607mu\frac{60}{7}mu 的冲量。

(b) 证明 e=15e=\frac15。

(5)

碰撞后,QQ 撞上垂直于其运动方向的光滑固定竖直墙。

质点 QQ 反弹,随后 PP、QQ 发生第二次碰撞。

QQ 与墙之间的恢复系数为 13\frac13。

(c) 用 mm 和 uu 表示 QQ 在 PP、QQ 第二次碰撞中受到的冲量大小。

(3)

解答

(a)

解法一

思路

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取 PP 碰前方向为正,要求碰后 PP 仍向正方向,所以 x>0x>0。QQ 已知反向,末速度为正;由动量与恢复定律消元,保留恢复系数的下限。

答题过程

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Take the initial direction of PP as positive. For the required unchanged direction, the final velocities are +x+x for PP and +y+y for QQ.

Conservation of momentum gives

5m(2u)+2m(−3u)=5mx+2my,5m(2u)+2m(-3u)=5mx+2my,

so

4u=5x+2y.4u=5x+2y.

Newton’s law of restitution gives

y−x=e[2u−(−3u)]=5eu.y-x=e\bigl[2u-(-3u)\bigr]=5eu.

Thus y=x+5euy=x+5eu, and substitution gives

4u=5x+2(x+5eu)=7x+10eu.4u=5x+2(x+5eu)=7x+10eu.

Hence

x=4−10e7u.x=\frac{4-10e}{7}u.

The direction of PP is unchanged only if x>0x>0, requiring e<2/5e<2/5. Also e≥0e\ge0. The corresponding QQ velocity is

y=x+5eu=4+25e7u>0,y=x+5eu=\frac{4+25e}{7}u>0,

consistent with its reversal. Therefore

0≤e<25.\boxed{0\le e<\frac25}.

(b)

解法一

思路

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QQ 从负速度变为正速度,冲量对应两速率之和。先求 yy,再利用动量求 xx,最后从接近与分离速率的比推出给定分数。

答题过程

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The impulse on QQ acts in the positive direction. Therefore

607mu=2m[y−(−3u)].\frac{60}{7}mu=2m\bigl[y-(-3u)\bigr].

Dividing by 2m2m,

307u=y+3u,\frac{30}{7}u=y+3u,

so

y=97u.y=\frac97u.

Using momentum from (a),

4u=5x+2(97u),4u=5x+2\left(\frac97u\right), 5x=107u,x=27u.5x=\frac{10}{7}u,\qquad x=\frac27u.

Thus

e=y−x5u=(9/7)u−(2/7)u5u,e=\frac{y-x}{5u}=\frac{(9/7)u-(2/7)u}{5u},

and hence

e=15.\boxed{e=\frac15}.

(c)

解法一

思路

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墙反弹后 QQ 的速度为 −3u/7-3u/7,PP 仍为 +2u/7+2u/7。第二次碰撞须重新列有符号动量与恢复定律,求出 QQ 的末速度后再算冲量;不能把撞墙冲量当成粒子间的第二次冲量。

答题过程

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After its wall impact, QQ rebounds with speed

13(97u)=37u.\frac13\left(\frac97u\right)=\frac37u.

Using the same positive direction as before, the velocities immediately before the second particle collision are

vP=27u,vQ=−37u.v_P=\frac27u,\qquad v_Q=-\frac37u.

Let their velocities immediately afterwards be VPV_P and VQV_Q.

Conservation of momentum gives

5m(27u)+2m(−37u)=5mVP+2mVQ,5m\left(\frac27u\right)+2m\left(-\frac37u\right)=5mV_P+2mV_Q,

so

5VP+2VQ=47u.5V_P+2V_Q=\frac47u.

The coefficient between the particles remains e=1/5e=1/5. Hence

VQ−VP=15(27u+37u)=17u.V_Q-V_P=\frac15\left(\frac27u+\frac37u\right)=\frac17u.

Substituting VQ=VP+u/7V_Q=V_P+u/7 into momentum,

5VP+2(VP+17u)=47u,5V_P+2\left(V_P+\frac17u\right)=\frac47u, 7VP=27u.7V_P=\frac27u.

Thus

VP=249u,VQ=249u+749u=949u.V_P=\frac2{49}u,\qquad V_Q=\frac2{49}u+\frac7{49}u=\frac9{49}u.

The impulse received by QQ is

IQ=2m[949u−(−37u)].I_Q=2m\left[\frac9{49}u-\left(-\frac37u\right)\right].

It is positive, so its magnitude is

∣IQ∣=6049mu.\boxed{|I_Q|=\frac{60}{49}mu}.