题目
7.
A particle has mass and a particle has mass . The particles are moving in opposite directions along the same straight line on a smooth horizontal surface. Particle collides directly with particle .
Immediately before the collision, the speed of is and the speed of is . Immediately after the collision, the speed of is and the speed of is . The direction of motion of is reversed as a result of the collision.
The coefficient of restitution between and is .
(a) Find the set of values of for which the direction of motion of is unchanged as a result of the collision.
In the collision, receives an impulse of magnitude
(b) Show that
After the collision, hits a smooth fixed vertical wall that is perpendicular to the direction of motion of .
Particle rebounds and there is a second collision between and .
The coefficient of restitution between and the wall is
(c) Find, in terms of and , the magnitude of the impulse received by in the second collision between and .
题目中文翻译
质点 的质量为 ,质点 的质量为 。 两质点在光滑水平面上沿同一直线反向运动。 质点 与质点 发生正碰。
碰撞前瞬间, 的速率为 , 的速率为 。 碰撞后瞬间, 的速率为 , 的速率为 。 碰撞使 的运动方向反转。
与 之间的恢复系数为 。
(a) 求使碰撞后 的运动方向不变的 的取值集合。
碰撞中, 受到大小为 的冲量。
(b) 证明 。
碰撞后, 撞上垂直于其运动方向的光滑固定竖直墙。
质点 反弹,随后 、 发生第二次碰撞。
与墙之间的恢复系数为 。
(c) 用 和 表示 在 、 第二次碰撞中受到的冲量大小。
解答
(a)
解法一
思路
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取 碰前方向为正,要求碰后 仍向正方向,所以 。 已知反向,末速度为正;由动量与恢复定律消元,保留恢复系数的下限。
答题过程
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Take the initial direction of as positive. For the required unchanged direction, the final velocities are for and for .
Conservation of momentum gives
so
Newton’s law of restitution gives
Thus , and substitution gives
Hence
The direction of is unchanged only if , requiring . Also . The corresponding velocity is
consistent with its reversal. Therefore
(b)
解法一
思路
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从负速度变为正速度,冲量对应两速率之和。先求 ,再利用动量求 ,最后从接近与分离速率的比推出给定分数。
答题过程
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The impulse on acts in the positive direction. Therefore
Dividing by ,
so
Using momentum from (a),
Thus
and hence
(c)
解法一
思路
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墙反弹后 的速度为 , 仍为 。第二次碰撞须重新列有符号动量与恢复定律,求出 的末速度后再算冲量;不能把撞墙冲量当成粒子间的第二次冲量。
答题过程
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After its wall impact, rebounds with speed
Using the same positive direction as before, the velocities immediately before the second particle collision are
Let their velocities immediately afterwards be and .
Conservation of momentum gives
so
The coefficient between the particles remains . Hence
Substituting into momentum,
Thus
The impulse received by is
It is positive, so its magnitude is