题目
Problem
3.
In this question you must show all stages of your working.
Solutions relying entirely on calculator technology are not acceptable.
At time t=0, a particle P is at the fixed point O
At time t seconds, t>0, P has position vector r metres relative to O, where
r=(3t+2−2t+1)i+(t2−6t)j
(a) Find the speed of P at the instant when P is moving in the direction of the vector i
(5)
(b) Find the magnitude of the acceleration of P when t=0.25
(4)
(c) Show that P never returns to O
(2)
题目中文翻译
本题必须展示所有计算步骤。
不接受完全依赖计算器技术的解法。
在 t=0 时,质点 P 位于固定点 O。
在 t 秒时,t>0,P 相对于 O 的位置向量为 r 米,其中
r=(3t+2−2t+1)i+(t2−6t)j
(a) 求 P 沿向量 i 的方向运动的瞬间的速率。
(5)
(b) 求 t=0.25 时 P 的加速度大小。
(4)
(c) 证明 P 不会再返回 O。
(2)
解答
(a)
解法一
思路
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先求速度向量。沿正 i 运动要求竖直速度为零,且水平速度为正;本问最终求的是标量速率。
答题过程
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Differentiating the position vector,
v=(3−t+11)i+(2t−6)j.
For motion in the direction i,
2t−6=0,t=3.
At this time,
vi=3−41=3−21=25>0.
Thus the direction is positive i, and the speed is
25 m s−1.
(b)
解法一
思路
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对根式速度再次求导时,负号与负指数相乘得到正号。代入 t=1/4,展示根式及模的手算化简,避免依赖计算器给数值。
答题过程
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Differentiating the velocity,
a=21(t+1)−3/2i+2j.
At t=1/4,
ai=21(45)−3/2=21(54)3/2=554,
so
∣a∣=(554)2+22=12516+4.
Hence
∣a∣=125516=6252580,
and therefore
∣a∣=252645 m s−2.
(c)
解法一
思路
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返回原点要求两个位置分量同时为零。先由竖直分量找出唯一可能的正时间,再证明此时水平分量不为零。
答题过程
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For P to return to O, both position components must be zero. The vertical component requires
t2−6t=t(t−6)=0.
Since a return requires t>0, the only candidate is t=6.
At t=6, however, the horizontal component is
3(6)+2−26+1=20−27.
Since 7<3, this is greater than 20−6=14>0. Hence the two components cannot be zero simultaneously, so P never returns to O.
解法二
思路
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也可利用水平速度恒正说明水平位置一直增加。这个结论比只看加速度更直接,能排除所有正时间。
答题过程
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For every t>0,
0<t+11<1.
Therefore the horizontal velocity satisfies
vi=3−t+11>2>0.
The particle starts with horizontal coordinate zero and thereafter its horizontal coordinate strictly increases. It can therefore never return to O.