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M2 2025 Jan Q3

A Level / Edexcel / M2

IAL 2025 Jan Paper · Question 3

题目

Problem

3.

In this question you must show all stages of your working.

Solutions relying entirely on calculator technology are not acceptable.

At time t=0t=0, a particle PP is at the fixed point OO

At time tt seconds, t>0t>0, PP has position vector r\mathbf{r} metres relative to OO, where

r=(3t+2−2t+1)i+(t2−6t)j\mathbf{r}=\big(3t+2-2\sqrt{t+1}\big)\mathbf{i}+(t^2-6t)\mathbf{j}

(a) Find the speed of PP at the instant when PP is moving in the direction of the vector i\mathbf{i}

(5)

(b) Find the magnitude of the acceleration of PP when t=0.25t=0.25

(4)

(c) Show that PP never returns to OO

(2)
题目中文翻译

本题必须展示所有计算步骤。

不接受完全依赖计算器技术的解法。

在 t=0t=0 时,质点 PP 位于固定点 OO。

在 tt 秒时,t>0t>0,PP 相对于 OO 的位置向量为 r\mathbf{r} 米,其中

r=(3t+2−2t+1)i+(t2−6t)j\mathbf{r}=\big(3t+2-2\sqrt{t+1}\big)\mathbf{i}+(t^2-6t)\mathbf{j}

(a) 求 PP 沿向量 i\mathbf{i} 的方向运动的瞬间的速率。

(5)

(b) 求 t=0.25t=0.25 时 PP 的加速度大小。

(4)

(c) 证明 PP 不会再返回 OO。

(2)

解答

(a)

解法一

思路

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先求速度向量。沿正 i\mathbf i 运动要求竖直速度为零,且水平速度为正;本问最终求的是标量速率。

答题过程

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Differentiating the position vector,

v=(3−1t+1)i+(2t−6)j.\mathbf v=\left(3-\frac1{\sqrt{t+1}}\right)\mathbf i+(2t-6)\mathbf j.

For motion in the direction i\mathbf i,

2t−6=0,t=3.2t-6=0,\qquad t=3.

At this time,

vi=3−14=3−12=52>0.v_i=3-\frac1{\sqrt4}=3-\frac12=\frac52>0.

Thus the direction is positive i\mathbf i, and the speed is

52 m s−1.\boxed{\frac52\text{ m s}^{-1}}.

(b)

解法一

思路

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对根式速度再次求导时,负号与负指数相乘得到正号。代入 t=1/4t=1/4,展示根式及模的手算化简,避免依赖计算器给数值。

答题过程

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Differentiating the velocity,

a=12(t+1)−3/2i+2j.\mathbf a=\frac12(t+1)^{-3/2}\mathbf i+2\mathbf j.

At t=1/4t=1/4,

ai=12(54)−3/2=12(45)3/2=455,a_i=\frac12\left(\frac54\right)^{-3/2}=\frac12\left(\frac45\right)^{3/2}=\frac4{5\sqrt5},

so

∣a∣=(455)2+22=16125+4.|\mathbf a|=\sqrt{\left(\frac4{5\sqrt5}\right)^2+2^2}=\sqrt{\frac{16}{125}+4}.

Hence

∣a∣=516125=2580625,|\mathbf a|=\sqrt{\frac{516}{125}}=\sqrt{\frac{2580}{625}},

and therefore

∣a∣=264525 m s−2.\boxed{|\mathbf a|=\frac{2\sqrt{645}}{25}\text{ m s}^{-2}}.

(c)

解法一

思路

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返回原点要求两个位置分量同时为零。先由竖直分量找出唯一可能的正时间,再证明此时水平分量不为零。

答题过程

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For PP to return to OO, both position components must be zero. The vertical component requires

t2−6t=t(t−6)=0.t^2-6t=t(t-6)=0.

Since a return requires t>0t>0, the only candidate is t=6t=6.

At t=6t=6, however, the horizontal component is

3(6)+2−26+1=20−27.3(6)+2-2\sqrt{6+1}=20-2\sqrt7.

Since 7<3\sqrt7<3, this is greater than 20−6=14>020-6=14>0. Hence the two components cannot be zero simultaneously, so PP never returns to OO.

解法二

思路

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也可利用水平速度恒正说明水平位置一直增加。这个结论比只看加速度更直接,能排除所有正时间。

答题过程

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For every t>0t>0,

0<1t+1<1.0<\frac1{\sqrt{t+1}}<1.

Therefore the horizontal velocity satisfies

vi=3−1t+1>2>0.v_i=3-\frac1{\sqrt{t+1}}>2>0.

The particle starts with horizontal coordinate zero and thereafter its horizontal coordinate strictly increases. It can therefore never return to OO.