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M2 2025 Jan Q6

A Level / Edexcel / M2

IAL 2025 Jan Paper · Question 6

题目

Problem

6.

The uniform rectangular lamina ABCDABCD has AB=8aAB=8a and AD=kaAD=ka. The isosceles triangle AEDAED has AE=DEAE=DE and the perpendicular height of the triangle is 6a6a. The triangle AEDAED is removed from the rectangle to form the template shown shaded in Figure 4.

The distance of the centre of mass of the template from ADAD is dd.

(a) Show that d=265ad=\frac{26}{5}a.

(5)

Two identical rectangular laminas, each with length 8a8a and width 12ka\frac12ka, are attached to the template to form the model PQRSDEAPQRSDEA shown in Figure 5.

  • the two rectangular laminas and the template all lie in the same plane
  • the mass per unit area of rectangular lamina PQBAPQBA is three times the mass per unit area of the template
  • the mass per unit area of rectangular lamina DCRSDCRS is three times the mass per unit area of the template

The model PQRSDEAPQRSDEA is freely suspended from PP and hangs in equilibrium with PSPS at an angle of θ\theta to the downward vertical.

(b) Find, in terms of kk, the exact value of tan⁡θ\tan\theta.

(6)
题目中文翻译

均匀长方形薄片 ABCDABCD 满足 AB=8aAB=8a,AD=kaAD=ka。 等腰三角形 AEDAED 满足 AE=DEAE=DE,且三角形对应的高为 6a6a。 从长方形中挖去三角形 AEDAED,形成图 4 阴影所示的模板。

模板质心到 ADAD 的距离为 dd。

(a) 证明 d=265ad=\frac{26}{5}a。

(5)

将两块全等长方形薄片连接于模板,形成图 5 所示的模型 PQRSDEAPQRSDEA,每块长方形薄片长为 8a8a、宽为 12ka\frac12ka。

  • 两块长方形薄片与模板均位于同一平面内;
  • 长方形薄片 PQBAPQBA 的单位面积质量为模板的三倍;
  • 长方形薄片 DCRSDCRS 的单位面积质量为模板的三倍。

模型 PQRSDEAPQRSDEA 从 PP 点自由悬挂并处于平衡状态,PSPS 与竖直向下方向成 θ\theta 角。

(b) 用 kk 表示 tan⁡θ\tan\theta 的精确值。

(6)

解答

(a)

解法一

思路

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用原长方形减去三角形的面积矩。三角形的高沿垂直于 ADAD 的方向,其质心距底边 ADAD 为 6a/36a/3。

答题过程

展开

The rectangle has area

8a(ka)=8ka2,8a(ka)=8ka^2,

and its centroid is 4a4a from ADAD.

The removed triangle has area

12(ka)(6a)=3ka2,\frac12(ka)(6a)=3ka^2,

and its centroid is 6a/3=2a6a/3=2a from ADAD.

The remaining template has area 5ka25ka^2. Taking moments of areas about ADAD,

5ka2d=8ka2(4a)−3ka2(2a).5ka^2d=8ka^2(4a)-3ka^2(2a).

Thus

5ka2d=(32−6)ka3=26ka3.5ka^2d=(32-6)ka^3=26ka^3.

Cancelling 5ka25ka^2 gives

d=265a.\boxed{d=\frac{26}{5}a}.

(b)

解法一

思路

展开

两块附加薄片的面密度为三倍,每块面积为 4ka24ka^2,所以相对质量为 12ka212ka^2。先求距 PSPS 的坐标,再用对称性求距 PQPQ 的坐标;悬挂时 PGPG 竖直,角度相对于 PSPS。

答题过程

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Let the template’s mass per unit area be σ\sigma. Its mass is 5σka25\sigma ka^2.

Each attached rectangle has area

8a(12ka)=4ka2,8a\left(\frac12ka\right)=4ka^2,

so its mass is 3σ(4ka2)=12σka23\sigma(4ka^2)=12\sigma ka^2. The total model mass is therefore

(5+12+12)σka2=29σka2.(5+12+12)\sigma ka^2=29\sigma ka^2.

Let GG be the centre of mass, and let xˉ\bar x be its perpendicular distance from PSPS. The template’s centroid is 26a/526a/5 from PSPS, and each added rectangle’s centroid is 4a4a from PSPS.

Taking moments about PSPS,

29σka2xˉ=5σka2(265a)+2(12σka2)(4a).29\sigma ka^2\bar x=5\sigma ka^2\left(\frac{26}{5}a\right)+2(12\sigma ka^2)(4a).

Thus

29xˉ=(26+96)a=122a,29\bar x=(26+96)a=122a,

so

xˉ=12229a.\bar x=\frac{122}{29}a.

By symmetry about the horizontal centre line in Figure 5, GG is half the total height 2ka2ka below PQPQ. Therefore

yˉ=ka.\bar y=ka.

When suspended from PP, PGPG is vertically downwards. The angle between PSPS and PGPG satisfies

tan⁡θ=xˉyˉ.\tan\theta=\frac{\bar x}{\bar y}.

Hence

tan⁡θ=12229k.\boxed{\tan\theta=\frac{122}{29k}}.