题目
6.
The uniform rectangular lamina has and . The isosceles triangle has and the perpendicular height of the triangle is . The triangle is removed from the rectangle to form the template shown shaded in Figure 4.
The distance of the centre of mass of the template from is .
(a) Show that .
Two identical rectangular laminas, each with length and width , are attached to the template to form the model shown in Figure 5.
- the two rectangular laminas and the template all lie in the same plane
- the mass per unit area of rectangular lamina is three times the mass per unit area of the template
- the mass per unit area of rectangular lamina is three times the mass per unit area of the template
The model is freely suspended from and hangs in equilibrium with at an angle of to the downward vertical.
(b) Find, in terms of , the exact value of .
题目中文翻译
均匀长方形薄片 满足 ,。 等腰三角形 满足 ,且三角形对应的高为 。 从长方形中挖去三角形 ,形成图 4 阴影所示的模板。
模板质心到 的距离为 。
(a) 证明 。
将两块全等长方形薄片连接于模板,形成图 5 所示的模型 ,每块长方形薄片长为 、宽为 。
- 两块长方形薄片与模板均位于同一平面内;
- 长方形薄片 的单位面积质量为模板的三倍;
- 长方形薄片 的单位面积质量为模板的三倍。
模型 从 点自由悬挂并处于平衡状态, 与竖直向下方向成 角。
(b) 用 表示 的精确值。
解答
(a)
解法一
思路
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用原长方形减去三角形的面积矩。三角形的高沿垂直于 的方向,其质心距底边 为 。
答题过程
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The rectangle has area
and its centroid is from .
The removed triangle has area
and its centroid is from .
The remaining template has area . Taking moments of areas about ,
Thus
Cancelling gives
(b)
解法一
思路
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两块附加薄片的面密度为三倍,每块面积为 ,所以相对质量为 。先求距 的坐标,再用对称性求距 的坐标;悬挂时 竖直,角度相对于 。
答题过程
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Let the template’s mass per unit area be . Its mass is .
Each attached rectangle has area
so its mass is . The total model mass is therefore
Let be the centre of mass, and let be its perpendicular distance from . The template’s centroid is from , and each added rectangle’s centroid is from .
Taking moments about ,
Thus
so
By symmetry about the horizontal centre line in Figure 5, is half the total height below . Therefore
When suspended from , is vertically downwards. The angle between and satisfies
Hence