Skip to content
CalcGospel 國際數學圖譜
返回

M2 2025 Jan Q7

A Level / Edexcel / M2

IAL 2025 Jan Paper · Question 7

题目

Problem

7.

A uniform rod ABAB has length 8a8a and weight 12W12W. The end AA of the rod is freely hinged to a fixed point on a vertical wall. The rod lies in a vertical plane that is perpendicular to the wall. A particle of weight WW is attached to the rod at BB. A light inextensible string of length 5a5a has one end attached to the rod at the point CC, where AC=5aAC=5a. The other end of the string is attached to the wall at the point DD, where DD is above AA and AD=8aAD=8a. Angle DAC=DAC= Angle ADC=θADC=\theta, as shown in Figure 6.

The rod and the particle rest in equilibrium.

The tension in the string is TT.

(a) Show that T=7WT=7W.

(4)

The force exerted on the rod by the hinge at AA acts at α∘\alpha^\circ above the rod, where 0<α<900<\alpha<90

(b) Find the value of α\alpha.

(6)
题目中文翻译

均匀杆 ABAB 长 8a8a,重 12W12W。 杆的 AA 端通过自由铰链连接于竖直墙上的固定点。 杆位于垂直于墙面的竖直平面内。 一个重为 WW 的质点连接于杆的 BB 点。 一根长为 5a5a 的不可伸长轻绳的一端连接于杆上的 CC 点,其中 AC=5aAC=5a。 绳的另一端连接于墙上的 DD 点,DD 在 AA 上方,且 AD=8aAD=8a。 如图 6 所示,∠DAC=∠ADC=θ\angle DAC=\angle ADC=\theta。

杆与质点处于静止平衡状态。

绳中的张力为 TT。

(a) 证明 T=7WT=7W。

(4)

AA 点处铰链施加于杆的力的方向位于杆上方,与杆成 α∘\alpha^\circ 角,其中 0<α<900<\alpha<90。

(b) 求 α\alpha 的值。

(6)

解答

(a)

解法一

思路

展开

证明题先从等腰三角形推导三角比,不能直接猜力臂。AC=CD=5aAC=CD=5a、AD=8aAD=8a,中线把它分成 3:4:53:4:5 直角三角形;随后对铰链取矩。

答题过程

展开

Triangle ACDACD is isosceles, with AC=CD=5aAC=CD=5a and AD=8aAD=8a. Let MM be the midpoint of ADAD. Then

AM=DM=4a,CM=(5a)2−(4a)2=3a.AM=DM=4a,\qquad CM=\sqrt{(5a)^2-(4a)^2}=3a.

Thus

sin⁡θ=35,cos⁡θ=45.\sin\theta=\frac35,\qquad \cos\theta=\frac45.

The rod’s weight 12W12W acts at its midpoint, 4a4a from AA. The particle’s weight WW acts 8a8a from AA.

The angle between the rod direction ACAC and the tension direction CDCD is 2θ2\theta. Taking moments about AA,

12W(4asin⁡θ)+W(8asin⁡θ)=T(5asin⁡2θ).12W(4a\sin\theta)+W(8a\sin\theta)=T(5a\sin2\theta).

Using sin⁡2θ=2sin⁡θcos⁡θ\sin2\theta=2\sin\theta\cos\theta and cancelling asin⁡θa\sin\theta,

48W+8W=10Tcos⁡θ.48W+8W=10T\cos\theta.

Hence

56W=10T(45)=8T,56W=10T\left(\frac45\right)=8T,

so

T=7W.\boxed{T=7W}.

(b)

解法一

思路

展开

先求铰链力的水平、竖直分量。题目角度是铰链力相对于杆,而非相对于竖直;两者的竖直方向角相减才是所求。

答题过程

展开

Let the hinge force have components HH horizontally away from the wall and VV vertically upwards.

The tension acts towards DD, so resolving horizontally,

H=Tsin⁡θ=7W35=215W.H=T\sin\theta=7W\frac35=\frac{21}{5}W.

Resolving vertically,

V+Tcos⁡θ=12W+W,V+T\cos\theta=12W+W,

so

V=13W−7W45=375W.V=13W-7W\frac45=\frac{37}{5}W.

Let the hinge force make angle β\beta with the upward vertical. Then

tan⁡β=HV=2137.\tan\beta=\frac HV=\frac{21}{37}.

The rod makes angle θ\theta with the upward vertical, where tan⁡θ=3/4\tan\theta=3/4. Since 21/37<3/421/37<3/4, the hinge force is above the rod, and

α=θ−β=tan⁡−1(34)−tan⁡−1(2137).\alpha=\theta-\beta=\tan^{-1}\left(\frac34\right)-\tan^{-1}\left(\frac{21}{37}\right).

Therefore

α=7.3∘.\boxed{\alpha=7.3^\circ}.

解法二

思路

展开

也可直接沿杆和垂直杆分解铰链力,得到相对于杆的角度。这样不需要求两个绝对方向角,且可独立检查角度定义。

答题过程

展开

Let the hinge force have components R∥R_{\parallel} along ABAB and R⊥R_{\perp} perpendicular to the rod on its upper side.

Along the rod, equilibrium gives

R∥+Tcos⁡2θ=13Wcos⁡θ.R_{\parallel}+T\cos2\theta=13W\cos\theta.

Since

cos⁡2θ=16−925=725,\cos2\theta=\frac{16-9}{25}=\frac7{25},

we obtain

R∥=13W45−7W725=21125W.R_{\parallel}=13W\frac45-7W\frac7{25}=\frac{211}{25}W.

Perpendicular to the rod,

R⊥+Tsin⁡2θ=13Wsin⁡θ.R_{\perp}+T\sin2\theta=13W\sin\theta.

Using sin⁡2θ=24/25\sin2\theta=24/25,

R⊥=13W35−7W2425=2725W.R_{\perp}=13W\frac35-7W\frac{24}{25}=\frac{27}{25}W.

Thus

tan⁡α=R⊥R∥=27211,\tan\alpha=\frac{R_{\perp}}{R_{\parallel}}=\frac{27}{211},

and therefore

α=7.3∘.\boxed{\alpha=7.3^\circ}.