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M2 2025 June A Q2

A Level / Edexcel / M2

IAL 2025 June A Paper · Question 2

题目

Problem

2.

[In this question you may use, without proof, the formula for the centre of mass of a uniform sector of a circle.]

A uniform square lamina ABCDABCD has side 2a2a.

A semicircular lamina, with diameter ABAB, is removed from the square lamina.

The semicircular lamina is then attached to BCBC to form the uniform lamina LL shown shaded in Figure 1.

The centre of mass of LL is a distance xˉ\bar{x} from ADAD.

(a) Show that

xˉ=a24(28+3π)\bar{x}=\frac{a}{24}(28+3\pi)
(5)

The lamina LL has weight WW. A particle of weight kWkW is attached to LL at DD to form a loaded lamina.

The loaded lamina is now suspended by two light vertical strings with the first string attached at AA and the second string attached at BB.

The loaded lamina hangs freely in equilibrium with DCDC horizontal.

Given that the tension in the string attached at AA is 4T4T and the tension in the string attached at BB is TT

(b) find the exact value of kk.

(5)
题目中文翻译

[ 本题可直接使用均匀圆扇形的质心公式,无须证明。 ]

均匀正方形薄片 ABCDABCD 的边长为 2a2a。

从正方形薄片中挖去以 ABAB 为直径的半圆形薄片。

再将该半圆形薄片连接于 BCBC,形成图 1 阴影所示的均匀薄片 LL。

LL 的质心到 ADAD 的距离为 xˉ\bar{x}。

(a) 证明

xˉ=a24(28+3π)\bar{x}=\frac{a}{24}(28+3\pi)
(5)

薄片 LL 的重量为 WW。 一个重为 kWkW 的质点连接于 LL 的 DD 点,形成加载薄片。

现在用两根竖直轻绳悬挂加载薄片,第一根绳连接于 AA,第二根连接于 BB。

加载薄片自由悬挂并处于平衡状态,DCDC 水平。

已知连接于 AA 的绳中张力为 4T4T,连接于 BB 的绳中张力为 TT,

(b) 求 kk 的精确值。

(5)

解答

(a)

解法一

思路

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以距 AD 的水平距离取面积矩。挖去的半圆作负面积,移到 BC 外侧的半圆作正面积;总面积仍为原正方形面积。

答题过程

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Let the common area density be σ\sigma. A semicircular lamina of radius aa has its centre of mass at distance 4a/(3π)4a/(3\pi) from its diameter. The square has area 4a24a^2 and centroid distance aa from ADAD. The removed semicircle has area πa2/2\pi a^2/2 and centroid distance aa from ADAD. The attached semicircle has the same area and centroid distance 2a+4a/(3π)2a+4a/(3\pi) from ADAD. Taking moments about ADAD and cancelling σ\sigma,

4a2xˉ=4a2(a)−πa22(a)+πa22(2a+4a3π).4a^2\bar x=4a^2(a)-\frac{\pi a^2}{2}(a)+\frac{\pi a^2}{2}\left(2a+\frac{4a}{3\pi}\right).

Thus

4a2xˉ=(143+π2)a3,4a^2\bar x=\left(\frac{14}{3}+\frac{\pi}{2}\right)a^3, xˉ=a24(28+3π).\boxed{\bar x=\frac{a}{24}(28+3\pi)}.

(b)

解法一

思路

展开

绕 A 取矩时,D 点附重与 A 的拉力都没有力矩。先求 T 与 W 的关系,再用竖直平衡求 k。

答题过程

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Since DCDC is horizontal, the string at BB has moment arm 2a2a about AA. The attached particle at DD lies vertically below AA and has zero moment about AA. Taking moments about AA,

T(2a)=Wxˉ,T=W(28+3π)48.T(2a)=W\bar x,\qquad T=\frac{W(28+3\pi)}{48}.

Vertical equilibrium gives

4T+T=W+kW.4T+T=W+kW.

Hence

1+k=5(28+3π)48,k=92+15π48.1+k=\frac{5(28+3\pi)}{48},\qquad \boxed{k=\frac{92+15\pi}{48}}.