题目
2.
[In this question you may use, without proof, the formula for the centre of mass of a uniform sector of a circle.]
A uniform square lamina has side .
A semicircular lamina, with diameter , is removed from the square lamina.
The semicircular lamina is then attached to to form the uniform lamina shown shaded in Figure 1.
The centre of mass of is a distance from .
(a) Show that
The lamina has weight . A particle of weight is attached to at to form a loaded lamina.
The loaded lamina is now suspended by two light vertical strings with the first string attached at and the second string attached at .
The loaded lamina hangs freely in equilibrium with horizontal.
Given that the tension in the string attached at is and the tension in the string attached at is
(b) find the exact value of .
题目中文翻译
[ 本题可直接使用均匀圆扇形的质心公式,无须证明。 ]
均匀正方形薄片 的边长为 。
从正方形薄片中挖去以 为直径的半圆形薄片。
再将该半圆形薄片连接于 ,形成图 1 阴影所示的均匀薄片 。
的质心到 的距离为 。
(a) 证明
薄片 的重量为 。 一个重为 的质点连接于 的 点,形成加载薄片。
现在用两根竖直轻绳悬挂加载薄片,第一根绳连接于 ,第二根连接于 。
加载薄片自由悬挂并处于平衡状态, 水平。
已知连接于 的绳中张力为 ,连接于 的绳中张力为 ,
(b) 求 的精确值。
解答
(a)
解法一
思路
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以距 AD 的水平距离取面积矩。挖去的半圆作负面积,移到 BC 外侧的半圆作正面积;总面积仍为原正方形面积。
答题过程
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Let the common area density be . A semicircular lamina of radius has its centre of mass at distance from its diameter. The square has area and centroid distance from . The removed semicircle has area and centroid distance from . The attached semicircle has the same area and centroid distance from . Taking moments about and cancelling ,
Thus
(b)
解法一
思路
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绕 A 取矩时,D 点附重与 A 的拉力都没有力矩。先求 T 与 W 的关系,再用竖直平衡求 k。
答题过程
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Since is horizontal, the string at has moment arm about . The attached particle at lies vertically below and has zero moment about . Taking moments about ,
Vertical equilibrium gives
Hence